Certified Ethical Hacker Terms & Definitions - T U V W X Z - info tech
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| A remote authentication protocol that is used to communicate with an authentication server commonly used in Unix networks. | TACAS (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System)
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| The software product or computer system that is the subject of an evaluation. | Target of Engagement (TOE)
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| A network protocol used for remote connections to a server. Provides bidirectional communication using a virtual terminal connection. | Telnet
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| A security protocol used in IEEE 802.11i to replace WEP without the requirement to replace legacy hardware. | TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity Protocol)
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| Any circumstance or event with the potential to adversely impact an organizations operations, assets or individuals through an information system. | Threat
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| A three-step process computers execute to negotiate a connection with each other. The steps are: SYN, SYN/ACK, ACK. | Three-Way (TCP) Handshake
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| A group of people, gathered together by a business entity, working to address a specific problem or goal. | Tiger Team
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| A program designed to execute at a specific time to release malicious code onto a computer system or network. | Time Bomb
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| A limit on the amount of time or number of iterations or transmissions in computer and network technology a packet can experience before it will be discarded. | TTL (Time To Live)
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| Recording the time, normally in a log file, when an event happens or when information is created or modified. | Timestamping
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| A small Trojan program that listens or port 777. | Tini
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| A utility that traces a packet from your computer to an Internet host. It shows the number of hops and how long each packet requires to complete the hop. | Traceroute
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| A connection-oriented, layer 4 protocol for transporting data over network segments. It's considered reliable because it guarantees delivery and proper reordering of packets. Used for long haul traffic on the internet. | TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
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| A standard for ecrypting email, web pages and other stream-oriented information transmitted over the Internet. | TLS (Transport Layer Security)
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| A non-self-replicating type of malware that appears to have a useful purpose but instead gives unathorized access to the users computer system. | Trojan Horse
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| The set of all hardware, firmware and software components critical to a systems IT security. | TCB (Trusted Computer Base)
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| A U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) standard that sets basic requirements for assessing the effectiveness of computer security controls built into a computer system. | TCSEC (Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria)
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| The act of using numerous electronic serial numbers on a cell phone until a valid number is located. | Tumbling
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| A point-to-point connection between two endpoints created to exchange data. Typically it's either an encrypted connection or a connection using a protocol in a method for wihch it was not designed. | Tunnel
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| Transmitting one protocol encapsulated inside another protocol. | Tunneling
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| A self-replicating malicious program that attempts installation beneath antivirus sofware by directly intercepting the interrupt handlers of the operating system to evade detection. | Tunneling Virus
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| An international encoding standard, working within multiple languages and scripts, that represents each letter, digit, or symbol with a unique numeric value that applies across different platforms. | Unicode
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| A string that represents the location of a web resouce (i.e., a website address). | URL (Uniform Resouce Locator)
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| A connectionless, layer 4 transport protocol. Faster that TCP but offers no reliability. It's on a best effort basis. Used where a small amount of packet loss is acceptable, such as streaming video and audio. | UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
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| Devices, connected to multiple switches and routers, grouped 'logically' into broadcast domains regardless of there physical location. | VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network)
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| A technology that establishes a tunnel to create a private, dedicated, leased-line network over the Internet. The data is encrypted so it's readable only by the sender and receiver. Typically used by employees to remotely connect to the company network. | VPN (Virtual Private Network)
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| A malicious computer program with self-replication capabilities that attaches to a file and moves with the host from one computer to another. | Virus
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| An e-mail message warning users of a nonexistent virus and encouraging them to pass on the message to other users. | Virus Hoax
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| A weakness in an information system or its security controls that could be exploited or triggered by a threat source. | Vulnerability
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| A formal description and evaluation of the vulnerabilities in an information system. | Vulnerability Assessment
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| The cyclical practice of identifying, classifying, remediating and mitigating vulnerabilities. | Vulnerability Management
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| Sending packets or requests to another system to gain information to be used to identify weaknesses and protect the system from attacks. | Vulnerability Scanning
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| Drawing symbols in public places to alert other to an open Wi-Fi network. Information may include the SSIDs, administrative passwords to APs, and other information. | War Chalking
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| The act of dialing all numbers within an organization to discover open modems. | War Dialing
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| The act of searching for Wi-Fi wireless networks by a person in a moving vehicle, using a portable device. | War Driving
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| An environmentally conditioned workspace partially equipped with IT and telecommunications equipment to support relocated IT operations in the event of a significant disruption. | Warm Site
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| A program designed to browse websites in an automated, methodical manner. Sometimes these programs are used to harvest information from websites, such as e-mail addresses. | Web Spider
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| A penetration testing method where the attacker knows all the information about the intended target. It is designed to simulate an attack by an insider. | White Box Testing
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| A query and response protocol widely used for querying databases that store the registered users or assignees of an Internet resource, such as a domain name, an IP address, or an autonomous system. | Whois
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| Two or more LANs connected by a high-speed line across a large geographical area. | WAN (Wide Area Network)
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| A security protocol for wireless local area networks defined in the 802.11b standard, intended to provide the same level of security as a wired LAN. | WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy)
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| Provides data encryption for IEEE 802.11 wireless networks so data can only be decrypted by the intended recipients. | WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access)
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| Monitoring of telephone or Internet conversations, typically by covert meams. | Wiretapping
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| A self-replicating, self-propagating, self-contained program that uses networking mechanisms to spread itself. | Worm
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| Software used to bind a Trojan and a legitimate program together so the Trojan will be installed when the legitimate program is executed. | Wrapper
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| An agreement between the penetration tester and the client detailing the activities the tester is permitted to perform. | Written Authorization
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| A mathematical operation requiring two binary inputs: If the inputs match, the output is a 0, otherwise it is a 1. | XOR Operation
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| A Windows based GUI version of nmap. | Zenmap
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| A computer system that performs tasks dictated by an attacker from a remote location. | Zombie
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