CK Kinesiology Final
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| sagittal plane | frontal axis; extension/flexion
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| frontal plane | sagittal axis; abduction/adduction,radial/ulnar deviation, eversion/inversion
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| transverse pla | vertical axis; medial/lateral ROTATION, supination/pronation, righ/left ROTATION, horizontal abduction/adduction
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| isometric contraction | muscle contracts producing force without changing the length of the muscle Ex - holding dumbell at 90% before lifting
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| concentric contraction | joint angle changes, muscle length shortens. Ex lifting dumbell to shoulder
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| eccentric contraction | joint motion but the joint appears to lengthen Ex - lowering dumbell from shoulder
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| active insufficiency | the muscle cannot shorten or contract any farther
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| passive insufficiency | the muscle cannot be elongated or stretch any farther
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| Newton's Laws of Inertia | every object persists in its state of rest of uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it Ex - seat belts when the vehicle stops abruptly
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| Newton's Law of Acceleration | Force is equal to the change in momentum per change in time (An object with less mass will move faster than an object with more mass) Ex easier to push a lighter person in a w/c than a heavier one
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| Newton's Law of Action/Reaction | For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Ex A person leaning on a wall - the wall is pushing back with more force, otherwise it would cave in
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| open chain | distal segment is freely moving Ex greeting a friend by waving
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| closed chain | distal segment is fixed or stabilized so that movement in one joint will automatically necessitat movement at connecting joints Ex - standing with both feet on floor , the lower extremeties are in a closed kinematic chain
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| normal (5) | maintains testin position against gravity and maximal resistance
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| good (4) | maintains the testing position against gravity and moderate resistance
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| fair (3) | moves through full available ROM against gravity or maintains the testing position
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| poor (2) | moves thr joint through full ROM with gravity eliminated
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| trace (1) | demonstrates no joint movement, but there is a slight observable or palpable muscle contraction
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| zero (0) | demonstrates no joint movement and no palpable or abservable muscle contraction
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| movements of the shoulder girdle | elevation (shrug shoulders), depression(reaching towards ground), adduction (retraction)scapula - sticking the chest out, abduction (protraction)hugging self, upward rotation, downward rotation
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| movements of GH joint | flexion, extension (hyperextension), abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation, horizontal adduction, horizontal abduction
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| trapezius (upper) | elevation, upward rotation
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| trapezius (middle) | retraction
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| trapezius (lower) | depression, upward rotation
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| levator scapulae | elecation, downward rotation
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| rhomboids | retraction, downward rotation
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| serratus anterior | protraction, upward rotation
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| pectoralis minor | protraction, downward rotation
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| extrinsic muscle group of hand | The extrinsic muscle groups are the long flexors and extensors. They are called extrinsic because the muscle belly is located on the forearm.
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| intrinsic muscles of hand | thenar, hypothenar, interossei, lumbricales
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| thenar muscles | abductor pollicis brevis ( thumb abduction),flexor pollicis brevis (thumb flexion)opponens pollics (thumb opposition)
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| hypothenar muscles | opponens digiti minimi (opposition of little finger)abductor digiti minimi ( little finger abduction)flexor digiti minimi (little finger flexion)
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| Intrinsic muscles of hand | A of A of A - Abductor pollicis brevis, Opponens pollicis, Flexor pollicis brevis, (thenar muscles) Adductor pollicis, Opponens digiti minimi, Flexor digiti minimi, Abductor digiti minimi (Hypothenar muscles).
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