Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance MC Questions
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| When the amount of water you gain each day is equal to the amount you lose to the environment, you are in | show 🗑
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| show | acid-base balance
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| show | kidneys and sweat glands
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| show | intracellular fluid
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| show | interstitial fluid, blood plasma, lymph, CSF, synovial fluid, serous fluids, aqueous humor, perilymph, and endolymph
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| The principal ions in the extracellular fluid are | show 🗑
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| Physiological adjustments affecting fluid and electrolyte balance are mediated primarily by | show 🗑
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| show | reduction of urinary water losses and stimulation of the thirst center
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| Secretion of aldosterone occurs in response to | show 🗑
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| Atrial natriuretic peptide hormone | show 🗑
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| show | potassium, magnesium, and phosphate
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| show | het hydrostatic pressure
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| show | net hydrostatic and net colloid osmotic pressures
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| If the ECF is hypertonic with respect the ICF, water will move | show 🗑
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| When water is lost but electrolytes are retained, the osmolarity of the ECF rises and osmosis then moves water | show 🗑
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| When pure water is consumed, the extracellular fluid becomes | show 🗑
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| The concentration of the potassium in the ECF is controlled by adjustments in the rate of active secretion | show 🗑
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| show | bone, digestive tract, kidneys
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| show | the plasma PCO2 is rising or falling
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| show | organic acid and fixed acids in the ECF
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| Pulmonary and renal mechanisms support the buffer systems by | show 🗑
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| The lungs contribute to pH regulation by their effects on the | show 🗑
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| show | lowering or raising the PCO2
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| Examples of mechanisms involved in the renal response to acidosis include | show 🗑
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| show | goes down
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| show | emphysema, renal failure, neural damage, CNS disease, heart failure, and hypotension
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| show | respiratory activity lower plasma PCO2 to below-normal levels
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| show | production of a large number of fixed or organic acids
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| show | respiratory acid-base disorder
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| The major causes of metabolic acidosis are | show 🗑
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| show | the PCO2
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| show | a reduction in the number of functional nephrons
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| show | a reduction in vital capacity
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| show | extracellular fluid
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| show | plasma volume or osmolarity
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| All water transport across cell membranes and epithelia occurs passively, in response to | show 🗑
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| When the amount of water you gain each day is equal to the amount you lose to the environment, you are in | show 🗑
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| When the production of hydrogen ions in your body is precisely offset by the loss, you are in | show 🗑
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| Electrolyte balance primarily involves balancing the rates of absorption across the digestive tract with rates of loss at the | show 🗑
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| Clinically, approximately two-thirds of the total body water content is | show 🗑
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| Extracellular fluids in the body consist of | show 🗑
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| show | sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate
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| Physiological adjustments affecting fluid and electrolyte balance are mediated primarily by | show 🗑
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| The two important effects of increased release of ADH are | show 🗑
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| show | a drop in plasma volume at the JGA, a decline in filtrate osmotic concentration at DCT, and high potassium ion concentrations
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| Atrial natriuretic peptide hormone | show 🗑
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| show | potassium, magnesium, and phosphate
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| The force that tends to push water out of the plasma and into the interstitial fluid is the | show 🗑
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| The exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid is determined by the relationship between the | show 🗑
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| If the ECF is hypertonic with respect the ICF, water will move | show 🗑
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| When water is lost but electrolytes are retained, the osmolarity of the ECF rises and osmosis then moves water | show 🗑
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| show | hypotonic with respect to the ICF
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| The concentration of the potassium in the ECF is controlled by adjustments in the rate of active secretion | show 🗑
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| The activity that occurs in the body to maintain calcium homeostasis occurs primarily in the | show 🗑
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| The hemoglobin buffer system helps prevent drastic alterations in pH when | show 🗑
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| The primary role of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to prevent pH changes caused by | show 🗑
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| show | secreting or generating hydrogen ions, controlling the excretion of acids and bases, and generating additional buffers when necessary
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| The lungs contribute to pH regulation by their effects on the | show 🗑
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| Increasing or decreasing the rate of respiration can have a profound effect on the buffering capacity of body fluids by | show 🗑
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| show | secretion of H+ and reabsorption of HCO3-
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| When carbon dioxide concentrations rise, additional hydrogen ions are produced and the pH | show 🗑
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| show | emphysema, renal failure, neural damage, CNS disease, heart failure, and hypotension
🗑
|
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| show | respiratory activity lower plasma PCO2 to below-normal levels
🗑
|
||||
| show | production of a large number of fixed or organic acids
🗑
|
||||
| show | respiratory acid-base disorder
🗑
|
||||
| The major causes of metabolic acidosis are | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | the PCO2
🗑
|
||||
| show | a reduction in the number of functional nephrons
🗑
|
||||
| The risk of respiratory acidosis in the elderly is increased due to | show 🗑
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| show | extracellular fluid
🗑
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| show | plasma volume or osmolarity
🗑
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| show | osmotic gradients and hydrostatic pressure
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| When the amount of water you gain each day is equal to the amount you lose to the environment, you are in | show 🗑
|
||||
| When the production of hydrogen ions in your body is precisely offset by the loss, you are in | show 🗑
|
||||
| Electrolyte balance primarily involves balancing the rates of absorption across the digestive tract with rates of loss at the | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | intracellular fluid
🗑
|
||||
| show | interstitial fluid, blood plasma, lymph, CSF, synovial fluid, serous fluids, aqueous humor, perilymph, and endolymph
🗑
|
||||
| The principal ions in the extracellular fluid are | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | ADH, aldosterone, and ANP
🗑
|
||||
| show | reduction of urinary water losses and stimulation of the thirst center
🗑
|
||||
| Secretion of aldosterone occurs in response to | show 🗑
|
||||
| Atrial natriuretic peptide hormone | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | potassium, magnesium, and phosphate
🗑
|
||||
| show | het hydrostatic pressure
🗑
|
||||
| The exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid is determined by the relationship between the | show 🗑
|
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| show | from the cells into the ECF until osmotic equilibrium is restored
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| show | out of the ICF and into the ECF until isotonicity is reached
🗑
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||||
| When pure water is consumed, the extracellular fluid becomes | show 🗑
|
||||
| The concentration of the potassium in the ECF is controlled by adjustments in the rate of active secretion | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | bone, digestive tract, kidneys
🗑
|
||||
| show | the plasma PCO2 is rising or falling
🗑
|
||||
| show | organic acid and fixed acids in the ECF
🗑
|
||||
| show | secreting or generating hydrogen ions, controlling the excretion of acids and bases, and generating additional buffers when necessary
🗑
|
||||
| show | carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
🗑
|
||||
| Increasing or decreasing the rate of respiration can have a profound effect on the buffering capacity of body fluids by | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | secretion of H+ and reabsorption of HCO3-
🗑
|
||||
| show | goes down
🗑
|
||||
| Disorders that have the potential for disrupting pH balance in the body include | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | respiratory activity lower plasma PCO2 to below-normal levels
🗑
|
||||
| show | production of a large number of fixed or organic acids
🗑
|
||||
| show | respiratory acid-base disorder
🗑
|
||||
| show | production of a large number of fixed or organic acids, impaired ability to excrete H_ at the kidneys, and a severe bicarbonate loss
🗑
|
||||
| The most important factor affecting the pH in body tissues is | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | a reduction in the number of functional nephrons
🗑
|
||||
| The risk of respiratory acidosis in the elderly is increased due to | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | extracellular fluid
🗑
|
||||
| show | plasma volume or osmolarity
🗑
|
||||
| All water transport across cell membranes and epithelia occurs passively, in response to | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | keep the sodium concentration constant
🗑
|
||||
| show | stimulating thirst, causing the release of ADH, triggering the secretion of aldosterone
🗑
|
||||
| show | alterations in the potassium ion concentration in the ECF
🗑
|
||||
| The most important factor affecting the pH in body tissues is | show 🗑
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| show | intake exceeds outflow
🗑
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| When an individual loses body water, plasma volume | show 🗑
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| show | an imbalance between sodium gains and losses
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| show | diffusion and carrier-mediated transport
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| Deviations outside the normal pH range due to changes in hydrogen ion concentrations | show 🗑
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| When the PCO2 increases and additional hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions are released into the plasma, the pH | show 🗑
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| show | lactic acid and ketone bodies
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| In a protein buffer system, if the pH increases, a carboxyl group of an amino acid dissociates and releases a | show 🗑
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| show | 7.35 to 7.45
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| The condition that results when the respiratory system cannot eliminate all the carbon dioxide generated by peripheral tissues is | show 🗑
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| show | increasing the rate of hydrogen ion secretion into the filtrate
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| Chronic diarrhea causes a severe loss of bicarbonate ions, resulting in | show 🗑
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| show | decrease in pulmonary ventilation; increase in loss of bicarbonate in the urine
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