Homeostasis Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
When the amount of water you gain each day is equal to the amount you lose to the environment, you are in	fluid balance
When the production of hydrogen ions in your body is precisely offset by the loss, you are in	acid-base balance
Electrolyte balance primarily involves balancing the rates of absorption across the digestive tract with rates of loss at the	kidneys and sweat glands
Clinically, approximately two-thirds of the total body water content is	intracellular fluid
Extracellular fluids in the body consist of	interstitial fluid, blood plasma, lymph, CSF, synovial fluid, serous fluids, aqueous humor, perilymph, and endolymph
The principal ions in the extracellular fluid are	sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate
Physiological adjustments affecting fluid and electrolyte balance are mediated primarily by	ADH, aldosterone, and ANP
The two important effects of increased release of ADH are	reduction of urinary water losses and stimulation of the thirst center
Secretion of aldosterone occurs in response to	a drop in plasma volume at the JGA, a decline in filtrate osmotic concentration at DCT, and high potassium ion concentrations
Atrial natriuretic peptide hormone	reduces thirst, blocks the release of ADH, blocks the release of aldosterone
The principle ions of ICF are	potassium, magnesium, and phosphate
The force that tends to push water out of the plasma and into the interstitial fluid is the	het hydrostatic pressure
The exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid is determined by the relationship between the	net hydrostatic and net colloid osmotic pressures
If the ECF is hypertonic with respect the ICF, water will move	from the cells into the ECF until osmotic equilibrium is restored
When water is lost but electrolytes are retained, the osmolarity of the ECF rises and osmosis then moves water	out of the ICF and into the ECF until isotonicity is reached
When pure water is consumed, the extracellular fluid becomes	hypotonic with respect to the ICF
The concentration of the potassium in the ECF is controlled by adjustments in the rate of active secretion	along the distal convoluted tubule and collecting system of the nephron
The activity that occurs in the body to maintain calcium homeostasis occurs primarily in the	bone, digestive tract, kidneys
The hemoglobin buffer system helps prevent drastic alterations in pH when	the plasma PCO2 is rising or falling
The primary role of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to prevent pH changes caused by	organic acid and fixed acids in the ECF
Pulmonary and renal mechanisms support the buffer systems by	secreting or generating hydrogen ions, controlling the excretion of acids and bases, and generating additional buffers when necessary
The lungs contribute to pH regulation by their effects on the	carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
Increasing or decreasing the rate of respiration can have a profound effect on the buffering capacity of body fluids by	lowering or raising the PCO2
Examples of mechanisms involved in the renal response to acidosis include	secretion of H+ and reabsorption of HCO3-
When carbon dioxide concentrations rise, additional hydrogen ions are produced and the pH	goes down
Disorders that have the potential for disrupting pH balance in the body include	emphysema, renal failure, neural damage, CNS disease, heart failure, and hypotension
Respiratory alkalosis develops when	respiratory activity lower plasma PCO2 to below-normal levels
The most frequent cause of metabolic acidosis is	production of a large number of fixed or organic acids
A mismatch between carbon dioxide generation in peripheral tissues and carbon dioxide excretion at the lungs is	respiratory acid-base disorder
The major causes of metabolic acidosis are	production of a large number of fixed or organic acids, impaired ability to excrete H_ at the kidneys, and a severe bicarbonate loss
The most important factor affecting the pH in body tissues is	the PCO2
As a result of the aging process, the ability to regulate pH through renal compensation declines due to	a reduction in the number of functional nephrons
The risk of respiratory acidosis in the elderly is increased due to	a reduction in vital capacity
All of the homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the composition of body fluids respond to changes in the	extracellular fluid
Important homeostatic adjustments occur in response to changes in	plasma volume or osmolarity
All water transport across cell membranes and epithelia occurs passively, in response to	osmotic gradients and hydrostatic pressure
When the amount of water you gain each day is equal to the amount you lose to the environment, you are in	fluid balance
When the production of hydrogen ions in your body is precisely offset by the loss, you are in	acid-base balance
Electrolyte balance primarily involves balancing the rates of absorption across the digestive tract with rates of loss at the	kidneys and sweat glands
Clinically, approximately two-thirds of the total body water content is	intracellular fluid
Extracellular fluids in the body consist of	interstitial fluid, blood plasma, lymph, CSF, synovial fluid, serous fluids, aqueous humor, perilymph, and endolymph
The principal ions in the extracellular fluid are	sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate
Physiological adjustments affecting fluid and electrolyte balance are mediated primarily by	ADH, aldosterone, and ANP
The two important effects of increased release of ADH are	reduction of urinary water losses and stimulation of the thirst center
Secretion of aldosterone occurs in response to	a drop in plasma volume at the JGA, a decline in filtrate osmotic concentration at DCT, and high potassium ion concentrations
Atrial natriuretic peptide hormone	reduces thirst, blocks the release of ADH, blocks the release of aldosterone
The principle ions of ICF are	potassium, magnesium, and phosphate
The force that tends to push water out of the plasma and into the interstitial fluid is the	het hydrostatic pressure
The exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid is determined by the relationship between the	net hydrostatic and net colloid osmotic pressures
If the ECF is hypertonic with respect the ICF, water will move	from the cells into the ECF until osmotic equilibrium is restored
When water is lost but electrolytes are retained, the osmolarity of the ECF rises and osmosis then moves water	out of the ICF and into the ECF until isotonicity is reached
When pure water is consumed, the extracellular fluid becomes	hypotonic with respect to the ICF
The concentration of the potassium in the ECF is controlled by adjustments in the rate of active secretion	along the distal convoluted tubule and collecting system of the nephron
The activity that occurs in the body to maintain calcium homeostasis occurs primarily in the	bone, digestive tract, kidneys
The hemoglobin buffer system helps prevent drastic alterations in pH when	the plasma PCO2 is rising or falling
The primary role of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to prevent pH changes caused by	organic acid and fixed acids in the ECF
Pulmonary and renal mechanisms support the buffer systems by	secreting or generating hydrogen ions, controlling the excretion of acids and bases, and generating additional buffers when necessary
The lungs contribute to pH regulation by their effects on the	carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
Increasing or decreasing the rate of respiration can have a profound effect on the buffering capacity of body fluids by	lowering or raising the PCO2
Examples of mechanisms involved in the renal response to acidosis include	secretion of H+ and reabsorption of HCO3-
When carbon dioxide concentrations rise, additional hydrogen ions are produced and the pH	goes down
Disorders that have the potential for disrupting pH balance in the body include	emphysema, renal failure, neural damage, CNS disease, heart failure, and hypotension
Respiratory alkalosis develops when	respiratory activity lower plasma PCO2 to below-normal levels
The most frequent cause of metabolic acidosis is	production of a large number of fixed or organic acids
A mismatch between carbon dioxide generation in peripheral tissues and carbon dioxide excretion at the lungs is	respiratory acid-base disorder
The major causes of metabolic acidosis are	production of a large number of fixed or organic acids, impaired ability to excrete H_ at the kidneys, and a severe bicarbonate loss
The most important factor affecting the pH in body tissues is	the PCO2
As a result of the aging process, the ability to regulate pH through renal compensation declines due to	a reduction in the number of functional nephrons
The risk of respiratory acidosis in the elderly is increased due to	a reduction in vital capacity
All of the homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the composition of body fluids respond to changes in the	extracellular fluid
Important homeostatic adjustments occur in response to changes in	plasma volume or osmolarity
All water transport across cell membranes and epithelia occurs passively, in response to	osmotic gradients and hydrostatic pressure
When the amount of water you gain each day is equal to the amount you lose to the environment, you are in	fluid balance
When the production of hydrogen ions in your body is precisely offset by the loss, you are in	acid-base balance
Electrolyte balance primarily involves balancing the rates of absorption across the digestive tract with rates of loss at the	kidneys and sweat glands
Clinically, approximately two-thirds of the total body water content is	intracellular fluid
Extracellular fluids in the body consist of	interstitial fluid, blood plasma, lymph, CSF, synovial fluid, serous fluids, aqueous humor, perilymph, and endolymph
The principal ions in the extracellular fluid are	sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate
Physiological adjustments affecting fluid and electrolyte balance are mediated primarily by	ADH, aldosterone, and ANP
The two important effects of increased release of ADH are	reduction of urinary water losses and stimulation of the thirst center
Secretion of aldosterone occurs in response to	a drop in plasma volume at the JGA, a decline in filtrate osmotic concentration at DCT, and high potassium ion concentrations
Atrial natriuretic peptide hormone	reduces thirst, blocks the release of ADH, blocks the release of aldosterone
The principle ions of ICF are	potassium, magnesium, and phosphate
The force that tends to push water out of the plasma and into the interstitial fluid is the	het hydrostatic pressure
The exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid is determined by the relationship between the	net hydrostatic and net colloid osmotic pressures
If the ECF is hypertonic with respect the ICF, water will move	from the cells into the ECF until osmotic equilibrium is restored
When water is lost but electrolytes are retained, the osmolarity of the ECF rises and osmosis then moves water	out of the ICF and into the ECF until isotonicity is reached
When pure water is consumed, the extracellular fluid becomes	hypotonic with respect to the ICF
The concentration of the potassium in the ECF is controlled by adjustments in the rate of active secretion	along the distal convoluted tubule and collecting system of the nephron
The activity that occurs in the body to maintain calcium homeostasis occurs primarily in the	bone, digestive tract, kidneys
The hemoglobin buffer system helps prevent drastic alterations in pH when	the plasma PCO2 is rising or falling
The primary role of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to prevent pH changes caused by	organic acid and fixed acids in the ECF
Pulmonary and renal mechanisms support the buffer systems by	secreting or generating hydrogen ions, controlling the excretion of acids and bases, and generating additional buffers when necessary
The lungs contribute to pH regulation by their effects on the	carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
Increasing or decreasing the rate of respiration can have a profound effect on the buffering capacity of body fluids by	lowering or raising the PCO2
Examples of mechanisms involved in the renal response to acidosis include	secretion of H+ and reabsorption of HCO3-
When carbon dioxide concentrations rise, additional hydrogen ions are produced and the pH	goes down
Disorders that have the potential for disrupting pH balance in the body include	emphysema, renal failure, neural damage, CNS disease, heart failure, and hypotension
Respiratory alkalosis develops when	respiratory activity lower plasma PCO2 to below-normal levels
The most frequent cause of metabolic acidosis is	production of a large number of fixed or organic acids
A mismatch between carbon dioxide generation in peripheral tissues and carbon dioxide excretion at the lungs is	respiratory acid-base disorder
The major causes of metabolic acidosis are	production of a large number of fixed or organic acids, impaired ability to excrete H_ at the kidneys, and a severe bicarbonate loss
The most important factor affecting the pH in body tissues is	the PCO2
As a result of the aging process, the ability to regulate pH through renal compensation declines due to	a reduction in the number of functional nephrons
The risk of respiratory acidosis in the elderly is increased due to	a reduction in vital capacity
All of the homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the composition of body fluids respond to changes in the	extracellular fluid
Important homeostatic adjustments occur in response to changes in	plasma volume or osmolarity
All water transport across cell membranes and epithelia occurs passively, in response to
Whenever the rate of sodium intake or output changes, there is a corresponding gain or loss of water that tends to	keep the sodium concentration constant
Angiotensin II produces a coordinated elevation in the ECF volume by	stimulating thirst, causing the release of ADH, triggering the secretion of aldosterone
The rate of tubular secretion of potassium ions changes in response to	alterations in the potassium ion concentration in the ECF
The most important factor affecting the pH in body tissues is	carbon dioxide concentration
The body content of water or electrolytes will rise if	intake exceeds outflow
When an individual loses body water, plasma volume	decreases and electrolyte concentrations rise
The most common problems with electrolyte balance are caused by	an imbalance between sodium gains and losses
Sodium ions enter the ECF by crossing the digestive epithelium via	diffusion and carrier-mediated transport
Deviations outside the normal pH range due to changes in hydrogen ion concentrations	disrupt the stability of cell membranes, alter protein structure, change the activities of important enzymes
When the PCO2 increases and additional hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions are released into the plasma, the pH	goes down; acidity goes up
Important examples of organic acids found in the body are	lactic acid and ketone bodies
In a protein buffer system, if the pH increases, a carboxyl group of an amino acid dissociates and releases a	hydrogen ion
Normal pH values are limited to the range of	7.35 to 7.45
The condition that results when the respiratory system cannot eliminate all the carbon dioxide generated by peripheral tissues is	respiratory acidosis
When a pulmonary response cannot reverse respiratory acidosis, the kidneys respons by	increasing the rate of hydrogen ion secretion into the filtrate
Chronic diarrhea causes a severe loss of bicarbonate ions, resulting in	metabolic acidosis
Compensation for metabolic alkalosis involves	decrease in pulmonary ventilation; increase in loss of bicarbonate in the urine

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