The nervous system and all of its glory in theory
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| The brain and the Spinal cord | Central Nervous system (CNS)
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| Everything but the Brain and spinal cord | Peripheral Nervous system (PNS)
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| Leave CNS and feed into the PNS into an effect that responds to the nerve signal | Motor signals
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| Come from the PNS and feed into the CNS for interpretation | Sensory signals
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| Two categorys that the PNS (Periperhal Nervous system) is divided into | Autonomic and Somatic
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| Two categorys that Autonomic is divided into | sympathetic NS and parasympathetic NS
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| Generally stimulatory increased heart rate, vasocontriction systemically but casodilation to skeletal and heart muscles, increased respiratory rate, slows down digestive system, dilated pupils | sympathetic NS
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| generally inhibitory- vasodilation systemically (low blood pressoure) but casoconstriciton to the muscles, pupile constriction, slow down heart and respiration. Stimulates the digestive system | parasympathetic NS
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| The conducting fiber in the Neron | Axon
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| The actual transmitters | Axon terminals
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| They make the myelin | Schwann's Cells
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| an insulating fatty layer that speeds transmission | Myelin Sheath
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| support cells for neurons in both the CNS and PNS these cells undergo mitosis | Neuroglia/Glial cells
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| phagocytic- used to remove dead tissue and attack invaders, the smallest of glial cells | mmicroglia
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| produce the myelin sheath, the most common glial cells | ogliodendrocytes
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| involved in supporting neurons in transmitting impulses (electrolyte balance, make up the blood brain barrier | astrocytes
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| nvolved in producing the cerebrospinal fluid for the blood - CSF barrier | ependymal cells
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| the space that is between two nerves when they meet | synapses
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| these cells support the ganglia (clusters of nerve cell bodies) | satellite cells
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| the two types of synapses | axo-dendritic or axo-axonic
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| An autoimmune disease where the immune system attaks the ACH receptorys. The muscles become progressively weaker over the years. | Myasthenia gravis
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| Caused by the bacteria Clostridium tentanus they produce a toxin that stops the affected neurons from releasing the inhibitory neurotranmitters GABA and glycine. causes SPASTIC PARALYSIS | tetanus
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| a form of food poisoning caused by the Clostridium botulinum. the toxin produced by these bacteria is the most powerful known to mankind one drop can kill 50,000 mice. | botulism
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| how a neurotransmitter is removed from a synapse when it is not needed | enzyme degradation, simple diffusion, reuptake
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| controls appetite, reproductive behavior, inhibtory or modulatory, muscular movement, sleep, and emotional, states such as anxiety | serotonin
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| Mostly excitatory inhibatory at some sites, the releasing nerons of this transmitter degenerate people with alzheimer disease in which memory, speech and perceptual abilities decline. | Acetylcholine
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| Excitatory or inhibitory, CNS internerons involved in diverse brain ad body functions such as memory, mood, sensory, perception, muslce movements etc | Norepinephrine
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| mostly excitatory, increased attention,euphoria | dopamine
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| excitatory, memory and learning | Glutamate
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| inhibitory, in mammalian, same cicuits of glutamate | (GABA) Gammaaaminobutryic acid
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| modulates action of other neuro transmitters | ATP
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| inhibitory, modulate pain, response, inducing euphoria in some cases, like during sexual intercourse of physical stress (child birth or extended physical exercise) | Endorphins
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| inhibitory, modulate pain respose (subclass of endorphins | EnKephalins
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| excitatory, intense, persistent or severe pain, | Substance P
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| modulatory, relaxes smooth muscles in walls of blood vessels causes vessels to dilate, increases blood flow, contributes to make nervous system functions such as learning, sensory responses and muscles movements | Nitrous oxide (NO)
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| directly innervate skeletal muscles | somatic motor neurons
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| innervate face and neck muscles | special visceral motor neurons
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| indirectly innervate cardiac muscles and smooth sucles of the viscera (arteries) and synapse onto neurons of the ganglia of the autonomic nervous system that will then innervate visceral muscles and some glands. | General visceral motor neurons
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| Four categories of the sensory nerves | General somatic sensory neurons,
Special somatic sensory neurons
General visceral sensory neurons
Special visceral sensory neurons
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| impulses of pain, touch, vibration and temperature from the body surface and impulses of muscle sense, tendon sense and joint sense. | General somatic sensory neurons
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| hearing, equilibrium, vision | Special somatic sensory neurons
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| stretch, pain, temperature, chemical changes and irritation in viscera; nausea and hunger | General visceral sensory neurons
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| taste and smell | Special visceral sensory neurons
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