Information Systems Security and Controls
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| 4 Primary Threats to IS Security | • Accidents and Natural Disasters
• Employees and Consultants
• Links to Outside Business Contacts
• Outsiders
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| Information Systems Security | Precautions taken to keep all aspects of IS safe unauthorised use of access
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| Information Modification | Someone changes the information in some way
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| Unauthorised Access | People who are not given permission to see, modify or use data whether it be physical or digital data
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| Viruses | Destructive code that corrupt and destroy data
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| Worms | Like viruses, but tend to spread faster due to their replication nature
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| Denial of Service | Attack when electronic intruders deliberately attempt to prevent legitmate users from accessing services. Zombie computers are usually used to implement this.
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| Spyware | Software that secretly gathers information about a computer user without their knowledge. Adware is spyware that targets the user with banner advertisements
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| Spam | Junk email, sometimes containing worms and viruses
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| Spam Filters | Prevent Spam
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| Phishing | Attempts to trick bank account holders into giving away personal information for illegitimate use
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| CAPTCHA | A image displaying a code that a user has to input into an electronic form before submitting it
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| Cookies | Message passed to web browsers on a user's computer by a web server. Generally necessary for many sites, but can be used as spyware or other forms of malware
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| Risk analysis | Process in which you assess the value of the assets being protected over being compromised and the costs associated with it being compromised.
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| 3 Reactions for Risk Analysis | • Risk Reduction
• Risk Acceptance
• Risk Transference
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| Authentication | Passwords, photo ID's etc
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| Biometrics | Authentication using fingerprints, eye retinal patterns etc
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| Access-control Software | Software that keeps data secure from use or access depending on the user's permissions
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| Wireless LAN Control | Security control for Wireless networks
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| Drive-by Hacking | An outside attacker hacks the network for illegitimate use without entering the business premises
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| Firewalls | System designed to detect intrusion and prevent unauthorised access
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| Virtual Private Network (VPN) | Secure tunnel network for transferring data that is constructed dynamically within an existing network.
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| Encryption | Process of encoding messages which allows for authentication, privacy/confidentiality, integrity and non repudiation (ID of sender)
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| 5 Virus Prevention Measures | • Install Antivirus software
• Avoid using flashdrives from unknown sources
• Delete suspicious email
• Treat all email with caution
• Report suspicious activity immediately
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| Audit-control Software | Keeps track of computer activity so auditors can spot it and take action
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| Facilities | A place that is secure from human intervention as well as from the elements for IS
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| 3 Technological Safeguards | • Data Backups
• CCTV
• UPS (Uninterruptible power supply)
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| 3 Non-technical Safeguards | • Management of people's use of IS
• Trustworthy Employees
• Well-treated employees
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| 5 Step IS Security Plan | • Risk Analysis
• Policies and Procedures for security breach
• Implementation
• Training of personnel
• Auditing
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| Hierarchy of IS controls (Figure 10.27) | • Policies and Procedures
• Management and Supervision
• Technology and Applications
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| 3 Types of IS controls | • Preventative
• Detective
• Corrective
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| Sarbanes-Oxley Act | A reaction to large-scale accounting scandals primarily addressing the accounting sector that includes the use of IS controls in compliance reviews
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