APUSH Learning Target #6 Duncan Tagorda
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Annapolis Convention | In 1786, James Madison and other nationalists persuaded the Virginia legislature to call a convention in Annapolis, Maryland, to discuss tariff and taxation policies. | Congress finally endorsed the plan in February 1787 and called for a convention “for the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation.”legislatures, creditors joined the movement for a stronger central government.
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| Constitutional Convention | Caused by the many Money questions—debts, taxes, and tariffs—dominated the postwar political agenda. | Americans who had served the Confederation as military officers, officials, and diplomats viewed these issues from a national perspective and advocated a stronger central government
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| James Madison | He persuaded the virginia legislature to the Annapolis convention in maryland to discuss tarriff and taxation policies.devised the virginia plan | Madison intended to amend the Articles of Confederation. They ended up creating a new constitution. He argued for a strong central government that would unify the country. Created the first amendments (Bill of Rights)
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| Virginia Plan | Devised by james madison , was a "scheme" for a powerful national government .the virginia plan rejected state sovereighty in favor Larger states wanted representation through Population | served as the basis for debate in the development of the U.S. Constitution. Convention delegates met secretly and finally signed the proposed U.S. Constitution on September 17, 1787.
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| New Jersey Plan | The New Jersey Plan gave the Confederation the power to raise revenue , control commerce ,and make binding requisitions on the states. Smaller states wanted equal number of representation | Discussed a fair amount of representation of states. It gave them the same rights as bigger states.
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| The Great Compromise | The compromise proposed that the National legistlature's upper chamber ( the sentate) have two members from each state, and the house of representatives be apportioned by population. | Made the national legislature’s upper chamber (the Senate) have two members from each state, while seats in the lower chamber (the House of Representatives) be apportioned by population (determined every ten years by a national census).
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| Electoral College | The Electoral college gave each state a certain amount of electors based on the number of congressional seats they have. | To prevent Large states choosing the President and VP with their large populations. Made all states have some representation.
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| Three-Fifth Compromise | The compromise that each slave would count as 3/5 of a person for purposes of representation and taxation . | To preserve national unity. This was a compromise that helped southern planters dominate the national government until 1860.
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| Commerce Compromise | The compromise in which the constitution allows the federal government to tax imports and not exports | The compromise allowed the federal government to only tax imports.
The agreement also provided that a two-thirds majority in the Senate had to ratify all treaties. The Southerners believed this favored them.
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| Checks and Balances | The system in whcih each branch checks the job of the other so as to keep balance , and prevent one branch of government from gaining too much power! | To prevent one branch of government having the ultimate power over the other. The U.S. Constitution sets forth the powers and duties of each branch
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| Separation of Powers | The seperation of powers between three branches, the Legislative , Executive, and Judicial , so that one branch does not hold too much power! | Placing limits on the three branches of government to prevent tyranny.
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| “Elastic” Clause | The clause that allowed congress to " Make all laws which Shal be necessary And proper for carrying Into execution The foregoing powers and all other powers vested by this constitution" | The U.S. Constitution is subject to change if there are times when U.S. needed to allow additional things
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| "Supremacy” Clause | The supremacy law allowes the National government to out do smaller levels of government , which prevents unfair policy and a lack of justice in that form of government. | no state or locality can pass a law which prohibits something expressly allowed by the Constitution or Federal law. It makes invalid any law passed by a State or local government that is in conflict with a federal law.
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| Federalists | The federalists wanted to ratify the constitution , arguing that the seperation of power into 3 branches protected the rigs of peopleand they were all equal, and that the losting of rights was dangerous, the federalsit were more sucessful in their efforts | Great support for a strong national government (which we have today). Government power sdetermined by the constitution
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| Antifederalists | anti Federalists did not want to ratify the constitution and argued that :national governmenthad too much power,their was no bill of rights, the national government could maintain an army in peacetime, and the exectutive branch had too much power | The American people had just fought a war to defend their rights, and they did not want a intimidating national government taking those rights away again. The lack of a bill of rights was the focus of the Anti-Federalist campaign against ratification.
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| The Federalist Papers | The Federalist Papers were a series of articles written by key Federalists. Its purpose was to gain popular support for the then-proposed Constitution | They outline the form of Federal government today. They remain important today as a guide to understanding the founders' intent for each Article of the Constitution, and are sometimes factored into judicial decisions.
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