Population and migration
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| arithmetic density | the population of a country or region as an average per unit area
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| physiological density | the number of people per unit area of agriculturally productive land
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| do distribution maps | maps where different dots represent a number of people
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| megalopolis | designated coalescing super cities
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| census | official periodic count of people in a region
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| doubling time | the amount of time it takes for a population to double
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| natural increase | population growth measured as excess of birth rates minus birth deaths
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| crude birth rate | the number of births yearly per thousand
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| crude death rate | number of deaths yearly per thousand
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| demographic transition | Multistage model of changes in population growth showed by industrial countries
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| stationlary population level | a level where national population ceases to grow
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| population composition | aspects of population
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| population pyramid | a pyramid that displays percentages of each age group and gender in the total population
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| infant moratlity rate | the number of deaths of babies less than one year old (out of thousand)
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| child morality rate | the number of deaths of children 1-5 years old (out of thousand)
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| life expectancy | the average someone is expected to live
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| expansive population policies | Government policies that encourage large families and population growth
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| eugenic population policies | GOvernment policies to try and favor one race over another
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| restrictive population policies | government policies that try to encourage small families and discourage population growth
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| nomadism | movement among definite set of places often cyclic movement
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| migrant labor | type of periodic movement where people move across borders for work
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| transhumance | seasonal periodis movement of pastoralists and their livestock
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| migration | a change in residence intended to be permanent
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| international migration | human movement across international borders
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| internal migration | human movement within national borders
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| forced migration | humand movement where the people have no choice but to move
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| voluntary migrateion | migration where people chose to migrate
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| laws of migration | developed by British Demographer to predict flow of migration
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| gravity model | a mathimatical prediction of interaction of places
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| pull factors | positive conditions that attract imigrants
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| push factors | Negative conditions that induce emigrants to leave
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| step migration | migration to a distant location in stages (villiage to town to city)
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| intervening opportunity | the presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the appeal of the far site
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| kinship links | Pattern of migration that develops whien migrants decisions of location is where family and friends have found success
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| chain migration | pattern of migration that develops when a migrant moves and contacts friends or kin
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| imigration waves | phenomenon where different [atterms pf chain migration build to make a swell in migration
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| colonization | Physical process where colonizer takes over area
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| islands of development | place built by government or corperation to attract foreign investment
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| guest worker | legal immigrant who has a work visa
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| refugee | people who have fled their country because of political persecution
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| internal refugee | people who have been dispolaced within international borders
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| international refuggee | refugees who crossed 1 or more international border during dislocation
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| asylum | shelter and protection for refugees
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| immigration laws | laws and regulations of a state designed specifically to control immigration
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| quotas | established bu gov. to only allow so many immigrants in a year
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| selective immigrataion | Process to control immigration whish individuals with certain background are barred out
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| age-sex distribution | a model that describes the ages and number of boys and girls within a given population
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| baby boom | a cohort of individuals born in US between 1946-1964
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| baby bust | period of time in 1960s and 70s where birth rates in US dropped (baby boonm gen sought education)
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| census tract | small country subdivisions
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| cohort | population group undefined by a specific trait
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| Cotton Belt | the term by which American South used to be known as historically dominated by agricultural economy of region
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| dependency ratio | pendency ration
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| emigration ratio | # of people who are too old or young to provide work
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| exponential growth | growth of a population when fixed percentage is added to population each year
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| intervening obstacels | any force or factors that may limit human migration
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| Rust belt | The northern industrial states of the US which heavy industry was once dominant economy
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| carrying capacity | the largest # of people an enviornment can sustain
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| demography | the study of human populations
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| Generation X | people born in US between 1965 - 1980
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| involuntary migration | forced migration
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| Sun belt | US region which has grown dramatically since WWII
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