Chabner, The Language of Medicine 8th edition chapter 10 pathological conditions
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| hydrocephalus | abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain
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| spina bifida | congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defect)
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| alzheimer disease (AD) | brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia) with personality changes and impairment of daily functioning
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| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-Lou Gehrid's disease | degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem
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| epilepsy | chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity
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| Huntington disease | hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration
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| multiple sclerosis (MS) | destruction of myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue
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| myasthenia gravis (MG) | autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness (-asthenia) of voluntary muscles (attached to bones)
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| palsy | paralysis ( partial or complete loss of motor function)
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| parkinson disease (parkinsonism) | degeneration of neurons in basal ganglia occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles and slowness of movement
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| herpes zoster (shingles) | viral infection affecting peripheral nerves -skin innervation by spinal or cranial nerves is called dermatome
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| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis
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| human immundeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy | brain disease and dementia occurring with AIDS
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| brain tumor | abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges
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| cerebral conclussion | temporary brain dysfunction (brief loss of consciousness) after injury
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| cerbral contusion | bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head
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| cerbrovascular accident (CV) | disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke
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