terms
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| wan | network that traverses some distance and usually connects lans
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| wan | network transversing some distance
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| wan and lan common properties | client host resource sharing
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| layer three and higher protocols
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| packet switched digitized data
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| lans and wans |
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| adsl | a variation of dsl that offers more throughput when data travel downstream,downloading from a local carriers switching facility to the customer,that when data travel upstream,uploading from the customer to the local carriers switching facility
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| asymmetrical | the characteristic of a transmission technology that affords greater bandwidth in one direction than in the other direction,customer to the carrier or vice versa
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| asynchronous | a transmission method in which data being transmitted and received by nodes do not have to conform to any timing scheme.
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| atm | asynchronous transfer mode
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| atm | data link layer technology.relies on fixed packets called cells that consist of forty eight bytes plus a five byte header
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| atm | relies on virtual circuits and establishes a connection before send
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| b channel | bears traffic from point to point
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| bri | basic rate interface
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| bonding | process of combining more than one bearer channel of an isdn line to increase throughput
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| bpl | broadband over powerline
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| bri | a variety of isdn that uses two 64 kbps bearer channels and one 16 kbps data channel
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| bri | most common form of isdn employed by home users
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| wan and lan differences | layer 1 and 2 access methods,topologies,media
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| wan and lan differences | lan wiring,privately owned
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| wan and lan differences | wan wiring:public thru network service providers,ex.at&t
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| broadband cable | a method of connecting to the internet over a cable network
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| lan topologies differences | distance covered,number of users,traffic
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| lan topologies differences | connect sites via dedicated high speed links
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| broadband cable | computers are connected to a cable modem that modulates and demodulates signals to and from the cable companys head-end
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| bus topology wan | each location is connected to no more than two other locations in a serial fashion
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| cable drop | the fiber optic or coaxial cable that connects a neighborhood cable node to a customers house
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| bus topology wan | each site connects serially to two sites maximum
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| bus topology wan | network site dependent on every other site to transmit and receive traffic
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| bus topology wan | different locations connected to another thru point to point links
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| bus topology wan best use | organizations requiring small wan dedicated circuits
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| bus topology wan drawback | not scalable
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| cable modem | a device that modulates and demodulates signals for transmission and reception via cable wiring
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| cell | a packet of fixed size
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| cir | committed information rate
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| cir | the guaranteed minimum amount of bandwidth selected when leasing a frame relay circuit
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| co | central office
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| ring topology wan | each site connected to two other sites
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| ring topology wan | forms ring pattern
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| ring topology wan | connects location
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| ring topology wan | relies on redundant rings
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| ring topology wan | data rerouted upon site failure
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| ring topology wan | expansion is difficult and expensive
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| ring topology wan best use | connecting maximum five locations
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| co | the location where a local or long distance telephone service provider terminates and interconnects customer lines
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| star topology wan | single site as central connection point
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| star topology wan | seperate data routes between any two sites
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| star topology wan | single connection failure affects one location
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| star topology wan | shorter data paths between two sites
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| star topology wan | expansion is simple and less costly
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| star topology wan |
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| star topology wan |
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| csu | channel service unit
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| mesh topolgy wan | incorporates many directly interconnected sites
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| mesh topolgy wan | data travels directly froom origin to destination
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| mesh topolgy wan | routers can redirect data easily,quickly
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| mesh topolgy wan | most faulerant type of wan
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| mesh topolgy wan | every wan is directly connected to every other site
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| mesh topolgy wan | expensive
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| csu | a device used with t carrier technology that provides termination for the digitsl signal and ensures connection integrity thru error correction and line monitoring
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| csu/dsu | channel service unit and data service unit
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| csu/dsu | serves as the connection point for a t1 line at the customers site
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| csu/dsu | may be a seperate device or an expansion card in another device such as a router
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| d channel | in isdn the data channel is used to carry information about the call,such as session initiation and termination signals,caller identity,call forwarding and conference signaling
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| dedicated | a continuously available link or service that is leased by another carrier
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| tiered topology wan | sites that are interconnected in star or ing formation,interconnected at different levels
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| tiered topology wan | interconnection points organized into layers,form hierarchial groups
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| tiered topology wan | flexible,many variations
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| tiered topology wan | requires careful considerations,geography,usage patterns
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| tiered topology wan |
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| dialup | a connection in which a user connects to a distant network from a computer and stays connected for a finite period of time
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| pstn |
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| pstn | network of lines,carrier equipment providing telephone service
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| pstn | plain old telephone service
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| pstn | encompasses entire telephone system
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| downstream | data traffic that flows from a carriers facility to a customer
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| ds0 | digital signal level 0
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| ds0 | the equivalent of one data or voice channel in t carrier technology
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| dsl | digital subscriber line
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| dsl | a dedicated wan technology that uses advanced data modulation techniques at the physical layer to acheive extraordinary throughput over regular phone lines
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| pstn elements | cannot handle digital transmission
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| dslam | dsl access multiplexer
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| local loop | last mile
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| local loop | portion of the pstn that connects any residence or business to the nearest central office
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| niu | network interface unit
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| niu | the point at which pstn owned lines terminate at a customers premise
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| ftth | fiber to the home
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| ftth | telephone company connects residential users to its network with fiber optic cable
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| fttp | fiber to the premises
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| fttp | the use of a fiber optic cable to connect either a residence or a business
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| pon | passive optical network
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| pon | a carrier uses fiber optic cabling to connect with multiple endpoints
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| olt | optical line terminal
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| olt | device with multiple optical ports similar to interfaces on a router
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| onu | optical network unit
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| onu | distributes signals to multiple end poins via fiber optic cable
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| x.25 | analog packet switching technology designed for long distance transmission
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| x.25 standard specifies protocols at the | physical,data link, and network layers of he osi model
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| x.25 | provides excellent flow control and ensures data reliability by verifying the transmission at every node
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| frame relay | digital version of x.25 that relies on packet switching
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| frame relay | protocols operate at the data link layer
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| frame relay | seperated into frames which are then relayed from one node to another without any verification or processing
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| frame relay | does not guarantee reliable delivery of data
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| virtual circuits |
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| svc | switched virtual circuits
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| svc |
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| pvc | permanent virtual circuits
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| pvc |
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| svc are connections | that are established when parties need to transmit then terminate after the transmission is complete
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| pvcs are connections |
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| isdn | integrated services digital network
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| isdn | transmitting digital data over the public switch telephone network
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| isdn specifies protocols | physical,data link,and transport layers of the osi model
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| protocols handle | signaling,framing,connection setup and termination,rouing,flow control,and error detection and correction
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| isdn can carry | as many as two voice calls and one data connection on a single line
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| isdn channels | b and d channel
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| single b channel maximum throughput | 64 kbps
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| single d channel maximum throughput | 16 or 64 kbps
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| data channel | employing packet switching techniques to carry information about the call
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| bearer channel | employing circuit switching techniques to carry voice,video,audio,and other types of data
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| isdn connections | bri and pri
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| bri | uses two b channels and one d channel
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| bri | most economical type of isdn connection
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| nt1 | network termination
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| nt1 |
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| te | terminal equipment
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| ta | terminal adapter
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| ta | converts digital signals into analog signals for use with isdn phones and other analog devices
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| primary rate interface |
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| network termination 2 |
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| bonding |
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| disadvantage of isdn | span a distance of only 18,000 linear feet before repeater equipment is needed to boost the signal
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| t-carrier | standards specify a method of signaling which means they belong to the physical layer of the osi model
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| t carrier | uses time division multiplexing
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| t1 circuit | carry the equivalent of 24 voice or data channels,giving a maximum of 1.544 mbps
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| t3 circuit | carry the equivalent of 672 voice or data channels,giving a maximum of 44.736 mbps
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| speed of a t carrier | depends on its signal level
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| signal level |
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| ds0 |
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| fractional t1 | an arrangement that allows a customer to lease only some of the channels on a t1 line
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| smart jack | a termination for t carrier wire pairs that is located at the customer demarc and which functions as a connection protection and monitoring point
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| csu/dsu | connection point for a t1 line
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| csu provides | termination for the digial signal and ensures connection integrity thru error correction and line monitoring
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| dsu provides | converts the t carrierframes into frames the lan can interpret and vice versa
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| multiplexer | a device that seperates a medium into multiple channels and issues signals to each of those subchannels
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| dsl | digital subscriber line
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| dsl | wan connection method
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| dsl | uses data modulation techniques at the physical layer to acheive extraordinary throughput over regual phone lines
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| types of dsl | adsl, g.lite,hdsl,sdsl,vdsl,shdsl,
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| asymmetrical dsl | offers more throughput in one direction than another
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| downstream | data traveling from the carriers switching facility to the customer
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| symmterical | provides equalcapacity for data traveling both upstream and downstream
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| upstream | data traveling from the customer to the carriers switching facility
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| dsl modem |
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