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networkingchpt.7
terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| wan | network that traverses some distance and usually connects lans |
| wan | network transversing some distance |
| wan and lan common properties | client host resource sharing |
| layer three and higher protocols | |
| packet switched digitized data | |
| lans and wans | |
| adsl | a variation of dsl that offers more throughput when data travel downstream,downloading from a local carriers switching facility to the customer,that when data travel upstream,uploading from the customer to the local carriers switching facility |
| asymmetrical | the characteristic of a transmission technology that affords greater bandwidth in one direction than in the other direction,customer to the carrier or vice versa |
| asynchronous | a transmission method in which data being transmitted and received by nodes do not have to conform to any timing scheme. |
| atm | asynchronous transfer mode |
| atm | data link layer technology.relies on fixed packets called cells that consist of forty eight bytes plus a five byte header |
| atm | relies on virtual circuits and establishes a connection before send |
| b channel | bears traffic from point to point |
| bri | basic rate interface |
| bonding | process of combining more than one bearer channel of an isdn line to increase throughput |
| bpl | broadband over powerline |
| bri | a variety of isdn that uses two 64 kbps bearer channels and one 16 kbps data channel |
| bri | most common form of isdn employed by home users |
| wan and lan differences | layer 1 and 2 access methods,topologies,media |
| wan and lan differences | lan wiring,privately owned |
| wan and lan differences | wan wiring:public thru network service providers,ex.at&t |
| broadband cable | a method of connecting to the internet over a cable network |
| lan topologies differences | distance covered,number of users,traffic |
| lan topologies differences | connect sites via dedicated high speed links |
| broadband cable | computers are connected to a cable modem that modulates and demodulates signals to and from the cable companys head-end |
| bus topology wan | each location is connected to no more than two other locations in a serial fashion |
| cable drop | the fiber optic or coaxial cable that connects a neighborhood cable node to a customers house |
| bus topology wan | each site connects serially to two sites maximum |
| bus topology wan | network site dependent on every other site to transmit and receive traffic |
| bus topology wan | different locations connected to another thru point to point links |
| bus topology wan best use | organizations requiring small wan dedicated circuits |
| bus topology wan drawback | not scalable |
| cable modem | a device that modulates and demodulates signals for transmission and reception via cable wiring |
| cell | a packet of fixed size |
| cir | committed information rate |
| cir | the guaranteed minimum amount of bandwidth selected when leasing a frame relay circuit |
| co | central office |
| ring topology wan | each site connected to two other sites |
| ring topology wan | forms ring pattern |
| ring topology wan | connects location |
| ring topology wan | relies on redundant rings |
| ring topology wan | data rerouted upon site failure |
| ring topology wan | expansion is difficult and expensive |
| ring topology wan best use | connecting maximum five locations |
| co | the location where a local or long distance telephone service provider terminates and interconnects customer lines |
| star topology wan | single site as central connection point |
| star topology wan | seperate data routes between any two sites |
| star topology wan | single connection failure affects one location |
| star topology wan | shorter data paths between two sites |
| star topology wan | expansion is simple and less costly |
| star topology wan | |
| star topology wan | |
| csu | channel service unit |
| mesh topolgy wan | incorporates many directly interconnected sites |
| mesh topolgy wan | data travels directly froom origin to destination |
| mesh topolgy wan | routers can redirect data easily,quickly |
| mesh topolgy wan | most faulerant type of wan |
| mesh topolgy wan | every wan is directly connected to every other site |
| mesh topolgy wan | expensive |
| csu | a device used with t carrier technology that provides termination for the digitsl signal and ensures connection integrity thru error correction and line monitoring |
| csu/dsu | channel service unit and data service unit |
| csu/dsu | serves as the connection point for a t1 line at the customers site |
| csu/dsu | may be a seperate device or an expansion card in another device such as a router |
| d channel | in isdn the data channel is used to carry information about the call,such as session initiation and termination signals,caller identity,call forwarding and conference signaling |
| dedicated | a continuously available link or service that is leased by another carrier |
| tiered topology wan | sites that are interconnected in star or ing formation,interconnected at different levels |
| tiered topology wan | interconnection points organized into layers,form hierarchial groups |
| tiered topology wan | flexible,many variations |
| tiered topology wan | requires careful considerations,geography,usage patterns |
| tiered topology wan | |
| dialup | a connection in which a user connects to a distant network from a computer and stays connected for a finite period of time |
| pstn | |
| pstn | network of lines,carrier equipment providing telephone service |
| pstn | plain old telephone service |
| pstn | encompasses entire telephone system |
| downstream | data traffic that flows from a carriers facility to a customer |
| ds0 | digital signal level 0 |
| ds0 | the equivalent of one data or voice channel in t carrier technology |
| dsl | digital subscriber line |
| dsl | a dedicated wan technology that uses advanced data modulation techniques at the physical layer to acheive extraordinary throughput over regular phone lines |
| pstn elements | cannot handle digital transmission |
| dslam | dsl access multiplexer |
| local loop | last mile |
| local loop | portion of the pstn that connects any residence or business to the nearest central office |
| niu | network interface unit |
| niu | the point at which pstn owned lines terminate at a customers premise |
| ftth | fiber to the home |
| ftth | telephone company connects residential users to its network with fiber optic cable |
| fttp | fiber to the premises |
| fttp | the use of a fiber optic cable to connect either a residence or a business |
| pon | passive optical network |
| pon | a carrier uses fiber optic cabling to connect with multiple endpoints |
| olt | optical line terminal |
| olt | device with multiple optical ports similar to interfaces on a router |
| onu | optical network unit |
| onu | distributes signals to multiple end poins via fiber optic cable |
| x.25 | analog packet switching technology designed for long distance transmission |
| x.25 standard specifies protocols at the | physical,data link, and network layers of he osi model |
| x.25 | provides excellent flow control and ensures data reliability by verifying the transmission at every node |
| frame relay | digital version of x.25 that relies on packet switching |
| frame relay | protocols operate at the data link layer |
| frame relay | seperated into frames which are then relayed from one node to another without any verification or processing |
| frame relay | does not guarantee reliable delivery of data |
| virtual circuits | |
| svc | switched virtual circuits |
| svc | |
| pvc | permanent virtual circuits |
| pvc | |
| svc are connections | that are established when parties need to transmit then terminate after the transmission is complete |
| pvcs are connections | |
| isdn | integrated services digital network |
| isdn | transmitting digital data over the public switch telephone network |
| isdn specifies protocols | physical,data link,and transport layers of the osi model |
| protocols handle | signaling,framing,connection setup and termination,rouing,flow control,and error detection and correction |
| isdn can carry | as many as two voice calls and one data connection on a single line |
| isdn channels | b and d channel |
| single b channel maximum throughput | 64 kbps |
| single d channel maximum throughput | 16 or 64 kbps |
| data channel | employing packet switching techniques to carry information about the call |
| bearer channel | employing circuit switching techniques to carry voice,video,audio,and other types of data |
| isdn connections | bri and pri |
| bri | uses two b channels and one d channel |
| bri | most economical type of isdn connection |
| nt1 | network termination |
| nt1 | |
| te | terminal equipment |
| ta | terminal adapter |
| ta | converts digital signals into analog signals for use with isdn phones and other analog devices |
| primary rate interface | |
| network termination 2 | |
| bonding | |
| disadvantage of isdn | span a distance of only 18,000 linear feet before repeater equipment is needed to boost the signal |
| t-carrier | standards specify a method of signaling which means they belong to the physical layer of the osi model |
| t carrier | uses time division multiplexing |
| t1 circuit | carry the equivalent of 24 voice or data channels,giving a maximum of 1.544 mbps |
| t3 circuit | carry the equivalent of 672 voice or data channels,giving a maximum of 44.736 mbps |
| speed of a t carrier | depends on its signal level |
| signal level | |
| ds0 | |
| fractional t1 | an arrangement that allows a customer to lease only some of the channels on a t1 line |
| smart jack | a termination for t carrier wire pairs that is located at the customer demarc and which functions as a connection protection and monitoring point |
| csu/dsu | connection point for a t1 line |
| csu provides | termination for the digial signal and ensures connection integrity thru error correction and line monitoring |
| dsu provides | converts the t carrierframes into frames the lan can interpret and vice versa |
| multiplexer | a device that seperates a medium into multiple channels and issues signals to each of those subchannels |
| dsl | digital subscriber line |
| dsl | wan connection method |
| dsl | uses data modulation techniques at the physical layer to acheive extraordinary throughput over regual phone lines |
| types of dsl | adsl, g.lite,hdsl,sdsl,vdsl,shdsl, |
| asymmetrical dsl | offers more throughput in one direction than another |
| downstream | data traveling from the carriers switching facility to the customer |
| symmterical | provides equalcapacity for data traveling both upstream and downstream |
| upstream | data traveling from the customer to the carriers switching facility |
| dsl modem |
Created by:
cgeaski
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