terms
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| physical topology | physical layout
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| bus topology | single cable that connects all the nodes on a network without intervening connectivity device
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| backbone | the part of network to which segments and significant shared devices,such as routers or switches, connect.network of networks
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| physical topology | depicts the broad scope
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| physical topology shapes | bus,star,ring,hybrid
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| bus | bus
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| node | device on a network
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| passive topology | each node listens for,then accepts,data directed at it
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| physical topology does not specify | device types,connectiviy methods,addressing schemes
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| terminators | stop signals after they have reached the end of the wire
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| signal bounce | signals on a bus network would travel endlessly between the two ends of a wire
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| terminators | halt the transmission of old signals
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| the more nodes on a bus network | the more slowly the data transmits
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| bus networks difficult to troubleshoot | identify pc at fault
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| fault tolerant | capability of a system to keep working when damage happens
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| bus networks | not fault tolerant
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| ring topology | each node is connected to the two nearest nodes to form a circle
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| ring topology | data transmmitted clockwise,one direction
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| each workstation in a ring topology | acts as a repeater
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| difference between ring and bus topology | ring is an active topology
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| active topology | all workstations make the delivery
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| ring topology | are no ends,data stops when it reaches its destination
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| star topology | every node on a network is connected thru a central device
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| router or switch | connecting device in a ring topology
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| star topology | every cable connectes two devices
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| logical network | star topologies can support a maximum of only 1024 addressable nodes
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| star topology | more fault tolerant
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| star topologies are flexible | include a centralized connection point
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| hybrid topology | combination of topologies
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| hybrid topologies | star wired ring, star wired bus
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| star wired ring topology | uses the physical layout of a star in conjunction with the ring logical topology
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| star wired bus | groups of workstations are star connected to connectivity devices and then networked via a single bus
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| logical topology | the way in which data are transmitted between nodes,not the physical layout
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| passive topolgy | uses broadcast to send
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| logical topologies | bus and ring
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| broadcast domain | logically grouped network nodes that can communicate directly
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| serial backbone | simplest kind of backbone
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| serial backbone | consists of two or more devices connected to each other by a single medium in a daisy chain
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| terminators | removes static electricity
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| terminators | 50 ohm resistors
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| daisy chain | a linked series of devices
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| serial backbone networks | only so many repeating devices can be connected in a serial fashion
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| distributed backbone | more scalable and fault tolerant network
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| bus topology advantage | inexpensive and easy to set up
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| distributed backbone | a number of intermediate connectivity devices connected to one or more central connectivity devices
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| distributed backbone advantages | simple expansion
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| distributed backbone | provides network admins with the ability to segregate workgroups,manage easily
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| distributed backbone disadvantages |
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| collapsed backbone | uses a router or switch as the single central connection point for multiple subnetworks
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| ring topology physical medium | twisted pair of fiber optic cabling
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| collapsed backbone | router or switch is the highest layer of the backbone
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| collapsed backbone | router or switch carries heavy traffic
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| drawback collapsed backbone | router goes down the network goes down
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| collapsed backbone | allows you to interconnect different types of subnetworks,centrally manage maintenance and troubleshoot devices
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| parallel backbone | consists of more than one connection from the central router or switch to each network segment
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| circuit switching | a connection is established between two network nodes before they begin transmitting data.
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| switching | a component of a networks logical topology that manages how packets are filtered and forwarded between nodes on the network
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| packet switching | data are broken into packets before being transported
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| multiprotocol label switching | enables any one of several layer 2 protocols to carry multiple types of layer 3 protocols
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| csma/cd | carrier sense multiple access with collision detection
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| circuit switching | bandwidth is dedicated to this connection and remains available until the users terminate the connection between two nodes
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| packet switching | packets can travel on the network to their destination because each packet contains a destination address and sequencing information
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| multiprotocol label switching | ability to use packet switched technologies over traditionally circuit switched networks
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| multiprotocol label switching | can create end to end paths that act like circuit switched connections
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| carrier sense multiple access with collision detection | network access method for use by ieee 802.3 networks
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| carrier sense multiple access with collision detection | each node waits its turn before transmitting data to avoid interfering with other nodes transmissions
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| collision | two transmissions interfere with each other
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| hubs | dumb devices,direct traffic with no thinking
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| collision domain | the way nodes respond to a collision detection
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| most popular fundamental layout | star topology
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| jamming | a station issues a thirty two bit sequence to indicate to all nodes on an ethernet segment that its previously transmitted frame has suffered a collision and should be considered faulty
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| pure bus,ring,star topologies rarely exist | too restrictive
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| star wired ring topolgy | star physical ring logical
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| carrier sense | ethernet nics listen on the network and wait until they detect or sense that other nodes are transmitting data over the signal,carrier on the communications channel before they begin to transmit
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| signal | carrier
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| multiple access | several ethernet nodes can be connected to a network and can monitor traffic,or access media simultaneously
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| csma/cd | node wants to send data it first checks to make sure the channel is free,if its busy it waits until is is free
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| ethernet | most popular network technology used on moden lans
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| ethernet | flexible technology that can run on a variety of network media
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| broadcast domain | logical division of a computer network, in which all nodes can reach each other by broadcast at the data link layer. A broadcast domain can be within the same LAN segment or it can be bridged to other LAN segments
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| ethernet | offers excellent throughput at a reasonable cost
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| logical topology | how devices appear connected to the user
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| physical topology | how they are actually interconnected with wires and cables
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| backbone networks | cabling connecting hubs, switches, routers
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| backbone networks | more throughput
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| large organizations | fiber optic backbone network
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| enterprise wide network backbones | complex difficult to plan
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| enterprise networking terms | refers to an organization,including its remote and local offices,
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| significant building block of an enterprise | backbone
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| collision domain | plays a role in the ethernet cabling distance limitations
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| collision domain | switches and routers seperate
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| repeaters | repeat the collision domain signals
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| serial backbone standards | certain number of repeating devices allowed
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| data propagation delay | length of time data take to travel from one point on the segment to another point
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| distributed backbone | connected to a heirarchial system of devices
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| ethernet frames | A data packet on an Ethernet link A frame
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| ethernet frames | ends with a 32-bit cyclic redundancy check which is used to detect any corruption of data in transit
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| ethernet frame | begins with preamble and start frame delimiter.
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| distributed backbone drawback | potential for single failure points
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| start of frame delimiter | identifies where the data begins
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| ethernet frames | contain a four byte frame check sequence
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| ethernet framing | DIX ethernet
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| ethernet II | uses a two byte field
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| ethernet II | identifies the network layer protocol,ip or arp,contained in the frame
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| ethernet II | most commonly used on contemporary ethernet networks
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| 802.3af | specifies a method for supplying electrical power over ethernet connections
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| 802.3af | power over ethernet
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| PoE standard specifies two types of devices | power sourcing equipment, powered devices
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| pse | refers to the device that supplies the power
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| PD | those that receive power from the pse
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| ieee physical layer standards | specify how signals are transmitted to the media
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| parallel backbone | requires duplicate connections between connectivity devices
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| 10 | represents maximum throughput
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| base | baseband transmission
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| t | twisted pair or medium it uses
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| 5 4 3 rule | no more then five network segments connected by four repeating devices, and no more then three of the segments
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| switching | determines now connections are created between nodes
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| circuit switching | data follows same initial path selected by switch
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| circuit switching | monopolizes bandwidth while connected
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| circuit switching uses | live audio, video conferencing, traditional telephone calls
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| packet switching packets | travel any network path to destination
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| packet switching packets | find fastest circuit available at any instant
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| packet switching packets | need not follow each other
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| packet switching packets | need not arrive in sequence
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| packet switching packets | reassembled at destination
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| packet switching | most popular
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| fast ethernet | ieee 802.3u standard
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| 100base-t networks | do not follow the 5 4 3 rule
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| ethernet standards for copper cable | 10base-t, 100base-t, 100base-t, 10gbase-t
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| ethernet standards for fiber optic cable | 100base-fx,1000base-Lx,100base-sx
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| ten gigabit fiber optic standards | 10gbase-sr and 10gbase-sw, 10gbase-Lr and 10gbase-Lw, 10gbase-er and 10gbase-ew
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| mesh topology wan | a type of wan in which several sites are directly interconnected.
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| mesh topology wan | highly fault tolerant because they provide multiple routes for data to follow between any two points
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| mesh topology | network topology in which devices are connected with many redundant interconnections between network nodes. In a true mesh topology every node has a connection to every other node in the network.
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| dynamic dns |
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| primary benefit of 10GBase-T | makes very fast data transmission available at a much lower cost than using fiber optic cable
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| the 100Base-FX standard uses a | star topology with its repeaters connected in a bus fashion
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| an excellent choice for long backbones | 1000Base-LK because of its potential length
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| 1000Base-T acheives a higher throughput | by using all four pairs of wiress to both transmit and receive signals
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| truncate data frames | shrink them
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| maximum segment length 1000Base-t network | 100 meters with only one repeater allowed
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| 10GBase-t segments | require Cat 6, Cat 6a, or Cat 7
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| ethernet network design with | switches and routers seperate collision domains
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| ethernet network design with | repeaters will repeat collision domain
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| 100 Base-FX standard | uses baseband transmission and fiber optic cabling
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| 100 Base-FX standard | requires multimode fiber
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| 100 or 1000 Mbps networks | three segment maximum connected with two repeating devices
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| 10 Mbps | five segment connected with four repeating devices
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| the most common 1 gigabit ethernet used | 1000Base-LX
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| LX | represents long wavelength
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| jamming | indicaes to the rest of the nodes that its transmission was faulty
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| SX | represents short wavelength
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| throughput | the amount of data that a medium can transmit during a given time
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| bandwidth | a measure of the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies that a medium can transmit
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| 10Base-T | full duplex transmission
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| baseband | single channel ethernet
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| ethernet cable | 8 wires four pairs
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| 100Base-T | fast ethernet
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| 100Base-T | baseband transmission and star topology
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| 100Base-T | maximum length 100 meters
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| single mode fiber | fiber optic cable with a narrow core that carries light pulses along a single path data from one end of the cable to the other end.transmitted faster then multimode
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| multimode fiber | fiber optic cable that contains a core diameter between 50 and 100 microns thru which many pulses of light generated by a light emitted diode
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| modal bandwidth | measure of the highest frequency of signal a multimode fiber can support over a specific distance and is measured in mhz-km
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| 1000Base-T | four pair of wires used,maximum segment length 100 meters,one repeater
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| 10GBase-t | very fast data transmission,cheaper then fiber optic
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| 10GBase-t | uses connect network devices,connect servers,workstations to LAN
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| maximum transmission speed of 100 meters | 100Base-TX; 100Base-T;10GBase-T
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| 100Base-FX | 100-mbps throughput,baseband,fiber-optic cabling
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| FX | fiber optic cable
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| two strands | zip cord
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| half duplex mode on 100Base-FX | half duplex mode 412 meters,one strand receives one transmits
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| 100Base-FX | one repeater maximum length
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| the higher the modal bandwidth | the longer a multimode fiber can carry a signal reliably
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| 100Base-FX;1000Base-LX;1000Base-SX;10GBase-SR;10GBase-SW | use multimode fiber
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| 1000Base-LX | relies on single mode or multimode fiber
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| 1000Base-LX | one repeater between segments
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| maximum segment length on a 10GBase-SR or 10GBase-SW network | depends on the diameter of the fiber used and the modal bandwidth used
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| 1000Base-SX | maximum segment length dependencies are: fiber diameter,modal bandwidth
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| W | reflects its unique method of coding that allows it to work over SONET WAN links
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| E | extended reach
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| 10GBase-ER and 10GBase-EW | best suited for use on WANs
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| SONET | synchronous optical network
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| SONET | a higher bandwidth wan signaling technique that specifies framing and multiplexing techniques at the physical layer of the osi model
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| r | works with lan fiber connections
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| w | works with sonet fiber connections
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| 10GBase-LR | WAN or MAN
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| 10GBase-LW | SONET WAN links
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| carrier ethernet | marketing term for extensions to Ethernet to enable telecommunications network providers ("common carriers" in US industry jargon) to provide Ethernet services to customers and to utilize Ethernet technology in their networks
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| 10GBase-EW | encoding for SONET,best suited for wan use
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| in mpls | the first router that receives a packet adds one or more labels to the Layer 3 datagram in the shim
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| multipacket label switching | offers potentially faster transmission with better quality of service guarantees
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| ethernet frame types | ethernet_802.2; ethernet 802.3; ethernet II; ethernet snap
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| ethernet 802.2 | raw
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| ethernet 802.3 | novell proprietary
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| ethernet II | DIX
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| ethernet frame types | need to know the fram type for troubleshooting
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| ethernet frame fields | size ranges from 64 to 1518 bytes
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| ethernet frame characteristics | fourteen byte header,four byte frame check sequence,seven byte preamble,one byte start of frame delimiter
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| ethernet II | most commonly used ethernet frame
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