Glossary of Mycology Fall 2007
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| Aerial hyphae/mycelium | hyphae above the agar surface
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| Alternate | used to describe arthroconidia in a chain separated by cells which break down to release the conidia
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| Anamorph | asexual, ”imperfect” reproductive stage
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| Annellide | a conidiogenous cell which elongates and leaves a scar ring with the production of each conidium
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| Anthropophilic | dermatophytes that are restricted to human hosts
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| Antler hyphae | hyphae terminating in broad irregular branches resembling antlers
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| Arthroconidium | conidia formed in chains by the breaking up of a hyphae at the point of septation. The resulting cell may be rectangular or barrel shaped and thick or thin walled, depending on the genus.
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| Ascocarp | fruiting structure of the sexual reproductive stage with internally formed asci
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| Ascospore | sexual spore produced in a sac-like structure known as an ascus. Commonly there are 4 to 8 ascospores in an ascus.
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| Ascus | a sac like structure that contains ascospores
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| Aseptate | hyphae without cross walls. Characteristic of Zygomycetes.
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| Biseriate | a vesicle in Aspergillus bearing two layers of cells - metulae and phialides
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| Blastoconidium | conidium formed by budding along a hyphae, pseudohyphae, or single cell, as in the yeasts.
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| Chlamydospore | thick-walled somewhat resistant structure formed at end of hyphae (terminal) or in the middle of hyphae (intercalary). Also a vesicle formed by Candida albicans.
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| Clamp connection | small, curved hyphal outgrowth at a septum forms a looped bridge between two adjacent cells. Formed only in Basidiomycetes.
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| Clavate | club-shaped
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| Cleistothecium | round or oval sexual fruiting body without an opening and with asci irregularly dispersed in centre
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| Collarette | flared or straight-sided cell wall remnant at the tip of a phialide or base of a columella
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| Columella | dome-shaped top of a sporangiophore, contained in a sporangium
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| Conidiogenous | structure that produces conidia
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| Conidioma | an asexual, conidium-bearing structure
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| Conidiophore | specialized hyphal structure that serves as a stalk on which conidia are formed
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| Conidium (pl. conidia) | asexual reproductive structure that forms externally on the side or the end of the hyphae or conidiophore
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| Cottony texture | high dense aerial mycelium
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| Dematiaceous | hyphae, conidia, or spores that are brown to black
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| Denticle | small hair-like projection on which a solitary conidium is formed
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| Dichotomous | branching of hyphae into two equal branches that are each equal in diameter to the hyphae from which they originated
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| Dimorphic | having two distinct forms. Usually grow filamentously under environmental conditions and convert to special parasitic form (often yeast) in vivo.
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| Ectothrix | infection around the outside of the hair shaft
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| Endospore | spore produced within the spherule of Coccidioides immitis
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| Endothrix | infection with arthroconidia within the hair shaft
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| Exudate | droplets of liquid on the surface of a colony
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| Favic chandeliers | hyphae terminating in broad irregular branches resembling antlers. Typical of Trichophyton schoenleinii.
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| Faviform | blunt, branched hyphal ends
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| Foot cell | in Aspergillus, a hyphal cell at the conidiophore base.
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| Geophilic | usually recovered from soil, occasionally infect humans and animals
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| Glabrous | smooth; without or almost without aerial hyphae.
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| Globose | round
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| Granular | dense conidia on surface of colony; resembling sugar granules
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| Hulle cell | refractile, thick-walled cell, varying in shape, which occurs in some Aspergillus species
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| Hyaline | not pigmented, colourless.
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| Hyphae | septate or aseptate filament of a fungus; many together compose the mycelium.
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| Intercalary | forming in the middle of a hyphae
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| Metulae | branch upon which a conidiogenous cell is borne; on a vesicle in Aspergillus or terminal branches in Penicillium
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| Microconidium | the smaller of two types of conidia produced by the same fungus
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| Moniliform | hyphae with swellings at regular intervals like a string of beads
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| Muriform | having both transverse and longitudinal septa
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| Nodular bodies | knot of twisted hyphae
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| Onychomycosis | infection of the nails
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| Ostiole | opening in wall of fruiting body through which conidia are released
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| Ovoid | egg-shaped
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| Pectinate | hyphal ends which have protuberances resembling a comb
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| Pedicel | short filament which attaches a conidium to the hyphae
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| Penicillus | brush-like conidiogenous structure with 1-3 levels of branches called metulae and a terminal phialide
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| Perithecium | flask-shaped or rounded fruiting body with opening (ostiole) and asci arranged at base of structure
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| Phialide | flask shapped conidiogenous cell which neither elongates nor enlarges
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| Powdery texture | profusion of conidia on surface of colony; resembles flour
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| Pseudohyphae | chains of cells formed by budding that, when elongated, resemble true hyphae; they differ from true hyphae by being constricted at the septa, forming branches that begin with a septation, and having terminal cells smaller than the other cells.
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| Pycnidium | conidioma in which conidiogenous cells line the interior cavity and are released through an opening or ostiole; formed by Coelomycetes
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| Pyriform | pear-shaped or teardrop-shaped
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| Racquet hyphae | hyphae with club-shaped cells, the larger end of one cell being attached to the smaller end of an adjacent cell.
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| Reflexive branching | branches that grow forward and backward at acute angles to the hyphae
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| Rhizoid | root-like, branched hyphae
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| Rugose topography | colony in which furrows radiate out from the centre
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| Sclerotium | hyphae closely interwoven and cemented together into a hard resistant body
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| Scotch Tape Mount | The scotch tape mount is used for examining the microscopic structures of filamentous fungi. With forceps pick up a piece of clear, transparent tape and touch the surface of the colony. Place the tape onto a drop of mounting media on a slide; add another
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| Septate | having cross walls
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| Sessile | arising from side of hyphae or conidiogenous cell
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| Spherule | large, round structure containing endospores; characteristic of Coccidioides immitis in infected host material under direct microscope examination. Spherules do not grow on routine artificial mycology media.
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| Spiral hyphae | hyphae forming coiled or corkscrew-like turns
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| Sporangiophore | specialized hyphal branch or stalk bearing a sporangium
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| Sporangiospore | asexual spore produced in a sporangium
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| Sporangium | closed sac-like structure in which asexual spores (sporangiospores) are formed. The sporangium is borne on a stalk known as the sporangiophore.
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| Stolon | horizontal, aerial (runner) hyphae which gives rise to rhizoids and sporangiophores
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| Sympodial | a succession of conidia formed on opposite sides of hyphal stalk so that the axis pushes past the terminal conidium to form a zig-zag structure
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| Teleomorph | sexual reproductive stage of a fungus
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| Thallus | fungal colony, mycelium
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| Truncate | conidium with a scar flattened off at the point of attachment
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| Umbonate topography | colony with centre button-shaped elevation
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| Uniseriate | in Aspergillus, a vesicle bearing a single layer of phialides
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| Velvety texture | low aerial mycelium with smooth nap, as in velvet cloth
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| Verrucose topography | colony furrowed or convoluted
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| Verticil | group of conidiogenous cells radiating out from a single point like spokes in a wheel
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| Vesicle | inflated end of a conidiophore or sporangiophore
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| Woolly texture | colony with high aerial mycelium which appears slightly matted
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| Yeast-like colony | soft, pasty, smooth colony; usually without filamentous growth
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| Zoophilic | found primarily in animals, occasionally infect humans
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| Macroconidium | larger of two types of conidia produced by the same organism; usually is multicelled
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