terms
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on it to display the answer.
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| address resource record | a type of dns data record that maps the ip address of an internet connected device to its domain name
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| alias | nickname for a nodes host name
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| anycast address | IPv6 address
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| arp table | a database of records that maps mac addresses to ip addresses
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| arp | tcp/ip protocol that belongs in the network layer of the osi model
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| arp | obtains the mac address of a host,or node and then maps the mac address to the hosts ip logical address
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| tcp/ip protocol suite | referred to ip or tcp ip
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| tcp/ip advantage | open in nature, flexible routable
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| tcp/ip advantage | run on any platform
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| tcp/ip advantage | costs nothing,code can be edited and modified by any programmer
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| tcp/ip advantage | transmissions carry network layer addressing information
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| tcp/ip model | application layer,transport layer,internet layer,network interface,or link, layer
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| application layer | http,ftp,telnet,ntp,dhcp,ping
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| transport layer | tcp,udp
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| internet layer | ip,arp,icmp,igmp
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| network interface layer | ethernet
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| transmission control protocol | provides reliable data delivery services
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| transmission control protocol | connection oriented
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| transmission control protocol | uses sequencing and checksums
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| transmission control protocol | provides flow control
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| transmission control protocol | tcp segment format,the entity that becomes encapsulated by the ip packet in the network layer,becomes the ip packet
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| tcp provides flow control | to ensure that a node is not flooded with data
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| sequencing | assembled back into the right order
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| user datagram protocol | connectionless protocol
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| udp | no guarantee that the user will get the data
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| udp | more efficient for carrying messages that fit within one data packet
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| three segments establish connection | three way handshake syn synack ack
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| udp | no error checking or sequencing
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| udp advantage | great volume of data transferred quickly
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| internet protocol | provides information about how and where data should be delivered,including data source and destination address
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| internetwork | transverse more than one lan segment and more than one type of network thru a router
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| packets | datagrams
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| ip packet | acts as an envelope for data and contains info necessary for routers to transfer data between different lan segments
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| two versions of ip protocols | ipv4 and ipv6
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| ipv4 | unreliable,connectionless protocol
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| ip protocol | network layer protocol
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| ip packet | data envelope
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| data envelope | address on envelop,where it is going and where it came from
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| ipv6 advantages | provides billions of additional ip addresses
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| ipv6 advantages | better security and prioritization provisions
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| ipv6 | ip next generation
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| ipv6 | released in 1998
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| fields in an ipv4 packet | fifteen
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| ipv4 packet fields | version,internet header length,differentiated services,total length
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| ipv4 packet fields | identification,flags,fragmentation offset
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| ipv4 packet fields | time to live,protocol,headerchecksum,source ip address
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| ipv4 packet fields | destination ip address,options,padding,data
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| ipv6 packet fields | version,traffic class,flow label
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| ipv6 packet fields | payloader length,next header,hop limit
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| ipv6 packet fields | source address,destination address
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| one major difference between ipv4 and ipv6 | ipv6 packets accommadate the much longer ipv6 addresses
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| IPv4 protocols | igmp,arp
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| IPv6 protocol | icmp version6
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| internet group management protocol | manages multicasting on networks
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| multicasting | transmission method that allows one node to send data to a defined group of nodes
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| multicasting | point to multipoint method
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| multicast transmission | does not necessarily transmit to every node on a segment
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| time to live | in ipv4 is defined as hops or miliseconds
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| one node needs to know the mac address of another node on the same network | the first node issues a broadcast message asking, "whose mac address belongs to ip address 1.2.3.4", using arp
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| arp table | arp cache
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| arp table | a database saved on the hard drive that maps mac addresses to ip addresses
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| arp table entries | static and dynamic
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| static arp table entries | manually entered addresses
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| dynamic arp table entrry | created when a client makes an arp request that cannot be satisfied by data already in the arp table
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| ICMPv6 | detects and reports data transmission errors,discovers other nodes on a network,and manages multicasting
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| logical addresses | manually or automatically assigned and must follow rules et by the protocol standards
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| internet protocol | protocol responsible for logical addressing
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| an ip address contains two types of info | network and host
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| class d addresses | reserved for multicasting
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| class e addresses | reserved for experimental use
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| bytes | size
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| bits | speed
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| node | any device that connects up to a network
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| internet control message protocol | network layer core protocol that reports success or failure of data delivery
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| broadcast address | last address available in a network
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| ip address | unique thirty two bit number
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| ip address | thirty two bit number address divided into four octets,or sets of eight bits
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| network class | determined from first octet
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| Class A | 126 networks
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| Class B | less than 16,000
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| Class C | less than two million
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| Class A | 1 - 126
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| Class B | 128 - 191
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| Class C | 192 - 223
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| network ID | the portion of an IP address common to all nodes on the same network or subnet
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| ipv4 address | four byes long
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| loopback address | 127.0.0.1
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| loopback address | ping your own machine
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| last address | always broadcast address cant assign it
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| zero | reserved as a placeholder
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| dotted decimal notation | the shorthand conventionused to represent ipv4 address and make them easier for humans to read
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| loopback address | assures that tcp ip suite of protocols in installed, is there an issue with my neywork card
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| dotted decimal notation | decimal number between 0 and 255 represents each octet
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| dotted decimal address | 131.65.10.36
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| subnetting | a process of subdividing a single class of networks into multiple,smaller logical networks or segments
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| subnet mask | thirty two bit number identifying a devices subnet
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| subnet mask | informs network about a segment,network where device is attached
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| subnet mask | assigned the same way as ip addresses,manually and automatically
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| subnets are composed of thirty two bits | four octets and can be expressed in binary or decimal
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| ipv6 | composed of 128 bits
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| ipv6 | composed of eight 16-bit fields
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| ipv6 | typically represented in hexadeciaml numbers
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| unicast address | represents a single interface on a device
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| multicast address | represents multiple interfaces on multiple devices
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| anycast address | represents any one interface from a group of interfaces,any one of which can accept a transmission
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| link local unicast address | FE80
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| site local unicast address | FEC0
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| multicast address | FFOx
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| ipv6 loopback address | 0:0:0:0:0:0:0::1
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| anycast address | useful for identifying all of the routers that belong to one ISP
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| multicast address | useful for transmitting the same data to many different devices simultaneously
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| dhcp | automated means of assigning a unique ip address to devices on a network
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| reasons for implementing dhcp | reduce the time and planning spent on ip address management
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| reasons for implementing dhcp | reduce the potential for errors in assigning ip addresses
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| reasons for implementing dhcp | to enable end users to move their workstations and printers without having to change their tcp/ip configuration
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| reasons for implementing dhcp | to make ip addressing transparent for mobile users
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| IANA |
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| ICANN |
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| RIRs |
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| node | every device connected to something on the network
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| static ip addresses | manually assigned
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| change static ip address | modify client workstation tcp/ip properties
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| dynamic ip address | assigned automatically
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| dhcp leasing process | assigns an ip address on a temporary basis for a specified length of time,borrow
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| dhcp scope | range of addresses
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| dynamic host configuration protocol | application layer protocol
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| dhcp | works on first come first serve
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| lease time | determined when client obtains ip address at logon
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| dhcp service configuration | specified leased address range
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| terminating a dhcp lease | expire based on a period established in server configuration
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| circumstances requiring lease termination | dhcp server fails and replaced
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| dhcp services run on several server types | installation and confihurations vary
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| link local address | private addres
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| link local address | capable of transmitting and receiving data only on a local network segment
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| link local address | are not routable and do not allow nodes to communicate beyond their segments
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| private addresses | allow host to communicate on an internal network,intranet
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| zero configuration | collection of protocols that assigns link local addresses,performs dns functions,and discovers services
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| router | connects two different networks
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| ipv4ll | a protocol that manages automatic address assignment among locally connected nodes
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| link local | same as apipa
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| socket | a processes port number plus its host machine's ip address
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| the use of port numbers simplifies | tcp/ip communications and ensures that data are transmitted to the correct application
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| well known ports | 0 to 1023
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| registered ports | 1024 to 49151
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| private ports | 49152 to 65535
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| well known ports | are assigned to processes that only the operating system or an administrator of the system can access
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| registered ports | are accessible to network users and processes that do not have special administrative privileges
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| private ports | are open for use without restriction
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| private ports | dynamic ports
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| port numbers | simplify tcp/ip communications;ensures data transmitted correctly
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| socket address | 10.43.3.87.:23
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| sockets form virtual connections between | a process on one computer and the same process running on another computer
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| host | technically every device on the internet
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| domain | group of computers belonging to the same organization and has part of their ip addresses in common
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| full qualified domain name | local host name plus its domain name
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| domain name | www.google.com
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| com | top level domain
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| second level domain
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| www | third level domain
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| maximum of 253 characters | domain names
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| host file | a text file that associates tcp/ip host names with ip addresses
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| label | character string
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| label | represents level in domain naimg hierarchy
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| ICANN | established domain naming conventions
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| resolvers | are any hosts on the internet that nned to look up domain name information
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| domain name system | a heirarchial way of tracking domain names and their addresses,
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| dns | does not rely on one file or even one server,but is distributed over several key computers
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| dns | tcp/ip service that belongs to the application layer
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| dns service | relies on many computers across he globe
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| to direct traffic efficiently | the dns service is divided into three components
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| dns components | resolvers, name servers, name spaces
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| name servers | servers that contain databases of associated names and ip addresses and provides this information to resolvers onrequest
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| namespace | refers to the database of internet ip addresses and their associated names
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| namespace | abstract concept that describes how the name servers of the world share dns information
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| dns zones | portions for which one organizaion is assigned authority to manager
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| zone file | information about hosts in a dns zone
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| root server | a dns server maintained by icann and iana that is an authority on how to contact the top level domains
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| root server | icann oversees 13 root servers
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| resolver | anything that can connect to the internet and look up information
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| dns cache | a database stored on your computer that stores information about ip addresses and their associated host names
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| name servers | provides info to resolvers on request
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| zone transfer | copying the primary name server's zone file to the secondary's name server
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| most organizations rely on two name servers | primary and secondary
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| dns - static | reliable way of locating a host as long as the hosts ip address remains relatively constant over time
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| telnet | port 23
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| telnet | used to log on to remote hosts using the tcp/ip protocol suite
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| ftp | port 20 and 21
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| ftp | used to send and receive files via tcp/ip
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| ftp | a set of simple commands that make up their user interfaces
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| tftp | port 69
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| tftp | enables file transfers between computers
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| dynamic dns | service provider runs program on users computer
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| ddns | service providers server launches routine to automatically update dns record
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| tftp | connectionless protocol
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| tftp | useful when you need to load data or programs on a computer that lacks a hard drive
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| trivial file transfer protocol | diskless workstation
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| network time protocol | port 123
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| ntp | synchronize the clocks of computers on a network
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| ping | packet internet groper
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| tcp | connection oriented
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| telnet | insecure
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| pinging | send a signal back and forth
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| ping | often employed simply to determine whether a host is up or down
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| ping | uses icmp
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| ftp | host running ftp server portion
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| difference between ftp and tftp | tftp does not allow directory browsing
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| ping switches | ?
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| ping switches | a
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| ping switches | n
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| ping switches | r
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| ? | displays the help text for ping command
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| a | when used with an ip address, resolves the address to a host name
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| n | allows you to specify a number of echo requests to send
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| r | when used with a number from one to nine displays the route taken during ping hops
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| time synchronization importance | maintaining accuracy,consistency between multiple storage systems
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| ping | provides verification
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| ping | send echo request and echo reply messages
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