The social vocab. for Changes in American Life
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| immigrant | a person who settles in a new country
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| urbanization | growth of cities resulting from industrialization
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| tenement | an apartment building that is usually run-down and overcrowded
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| social gospel | a movement aimed at improving the lives of the poor
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| political machines | an organization that influences enough votes to control a local government
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| Tammany Hall | a famous political machine, located in NYC in the late 19th century
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| Hull House | founded in 1889, a model for other settlement houses of the time
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| new immigrants | people from southern or eastern Europe who enter the U.S. afetr 1900
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| Ellis Island | the first stop in the U.S. for most immigrants coming from Europe
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| Angel Island | the first stop in the U.S. for most immigrants coming from Asia
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| assimilation | the process of blending into society
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| Jim Crow laws | laws meant to enforce the seperation of white and black people in public places in the South
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| segregation | seperation; especially of the races
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| Plessy vs. Ferguson | an 1896 case in the which the Supreme Court ruled that seperation of the races in public accomidations was legal
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| Brown vs. Board of Education | a 1954 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that "seperat but equal" education for the black and white students was unconstitutional
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| NAACP | formed in 1909, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
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| Tuskegee Institution | the school that Booker T. Washington made
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| mass culture | a common culture experienced by large numbers of people
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| vaudeville | a form of live stage entertainment with a mixtur eof songs, dance, and comedy
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| ragtime | a blend of African-American songs and European musical forms
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| Jane Addams | Born 1860, died 1935; founder of Hull House, in Chicago, a social settlement house for immigrants. She was also a pacifist, a supporter of women's right to vote, and was awarded the Nobel Prize Peace Prize in 1931.
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| "Boss" Tweed (William Marcy Tweed) | the boss of the most famous political machine, Tammany Hall of NYC, it stole enormous amounts of money form the city
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| W.E.B. Dubois | (1868-1963) A well-educated militant leader of Blacks at the turn of the century who opposed Booker T. Washington's "accommodation theory." He helped organized the Niagara Movement and the NAACP (National Organization for the Advancement of Colored People
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| Booker T. Washington | Born into slavery in 1863, he was an educator who became one of the leading black spokesmen at the turn of the century. He founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, a school that stressed agricultural and vocational education. In a speech known as the At
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| Joseph Pulitzer | owner of New York World, a newspaper
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| William Randolph Hearst | the owner of New York Morning Journal, a newspaper
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