| Question | Answer |
| Defining Characteristics of Down Syndrome | -Genetic (extra #21 chromosome)
-intellectual disability
-hearing loss
-congenital heart defect
-large tongue
-small chin/protruding jaw
-short fingers |
| Language Characteristics of Down Syndrome | -Best at Vocab comprehension
-reach a decreased ceiling in # of words
-behind in expressive syntax skills
-speech production problems are motor based or structural
-reading abilities lower
-social skills are a strength |
| Defining Characteristics of Fragile X Syndromes | -Inherited from mom (gives a fragile X)
-more prevalent in males
-intellectual disability
-autism
-prominent forehead and chin
-flat feet
-high palate/cleft palate |
| Language Characteristics of Fragile X Syndrome | -Behaviors mimic Autism
-expressive language is weaker than receptive
-articulation
-stuttering
-cluttering
-hears and breathy voice |
| Defining Characteristics of Pierre-Robin Syndrome | -Caused by Stickler Syndrome
-very small jaw
-U-shaped cleft palate
-sensorineural hearing loss
-low set ears; deformed pinnas
-intellectual disability
-eye problems |
| Language Characteristics of Pierre-Robin Syndrome | -Articulation Errors
-Hypernasal Speech
-Behind with language but most will catch up |
| Defining Characteristics of Apert Syndrome | -Cranial facial disorder
-open bite
-cleft palate
-abnormal maxillary arch
-bulging eyes, wide uneven placement
-premature fusion of cranial bones
-fusion of fingers and toes
-conductive hearing loss |
| Language Characteristics of Apert Syndrome | -Abnormal oral resonance
-Hypo and Hyper nasality
-hoarse or breathy voice
-language delays |
| Defining Characteristics of VCFS (velo-cardio-facial syndrome) | -higher infant death
-velopharyngeal insufficiency
-cleft palate common
-mild language delay (can catch up)
-hearing loss
-can achieve normal sounding speech |
| Language Characteristics of VCFS | -atypical resonance due to velopharyngeal insufficiency
-severe articulatory impairment in the form of stops
-voice differences |
| Defining Characteristics of SLI (Specific Language Impairment) | -no definitive explanation
-may not be a single cause disorder
-possibly a genetic neurological basis
-possibly environment causes a role in presence of SLI
-maybe from assortative mating |
| Language Characteristics of SLI | -expressive vocab less than 50 words at 24 months
-preschoolers with it have phonological problems
-significant difficulty with morphosyntatic rules
-difficulty with verbs and word order in sentences
-decrease social skills |
| Defining Characteristics of Intellectual Disability | -limitation in intellectual function and adaptive behavior
-developmental disability before age 22
-Usually an IQ of <70 |
| Language Characteristics of Intellectual Disability | -Language Comprehension is concrete
-may have a semantic development ceiling
-decreased expressive vocab
-uses simpler structures and vocab
-phonological process errors are common
-fewer initiated speech acts |
| Language Delay | -Child is learning and using language at a slower rate than age peers
-implies child will "catch up"
-child may have plateaus as other areas develop
-Decreased MLU |
| Language Disorder | -small range of words
-slow acquisition of words and other aspects of language
-limited sentence structure
-simple grammatical forms
-descriptions of events and personal experiences will be poor, inadequate and sparse |
| Language Difference | -Cultural variations of a native language
-ESL, SLL, LEP |
| Deficits in Content | Semantics
Problems in developing ideas about the world |
| Deficits in Form | Phonology, Syntax, Morphology
Problems with learning conventional codes |
| Deficits in Use | Pragmatics
Problem using language in a variety of ways for a variety of purposes |
| BICS | takes 3-5 years to develop |
| CALP | measured through testing |
