| Question | Answer |
| What are the six types of human mycoses | yeast, superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous, systemic, and oportunistic |
| What do superficial mycoses normally affect | epidermis or hair |
| What is the difference between a superficial mycoses and cutaneous mycoses? | Superficial has no host response, where as a Cutaneous has a host response |
| What is the name for colonies on the hair shaft that kind of look like the nits of head lice? | Piedra |
| What does piedra mean | stone |
| What does tinea nigra usally affect | palms of hands |
| What does white piedra normally affect | hair |
| What kind of mold is white piedra | hyaline mold |
| what kind of mold is black piedra | demateacious-or pigmented |
| What does black piedra affect | hair |
| What does pityriasis versicolor normally affect | epidermis of torso |
| What is the etiological agent of pityriasis versicolor | Malassezia furfur |
| Pityriasis versicolor is known to be lipid loving. What is another name for lipid loving | Lipophilic |
| Where does Pityriasis versicolor come from | Normal flora-endogenous source |
| Is pityriasis versicolor communicable | No |
| What is unique about pityriasis versicolor lessions | they fluoresce under a wood's lamp (360 nm) |
| What is another name for pityriasis versicolor | folliculitis |
| What does versicolor mean | multicolored |
| What does furfur mean | furfuratious-or flaky |
| This mycoses is characterized by variously pigmented, patchy, mascular lesions, usually upper torso, abdomen, upper arms, shoulders, and neck | Pityriasis Versicolor |
| What is the etiological agent of pityriasis Versicolor | malassezia Furfur |
| What does malassezia furfur cause | pityriasis versicolor |
| Is pityriasis versicolor inflammatory? | No |
| How can pityriasis versicolor be diagnosed | skin scraping then KOH mount |
| What would one see on a KOH mount of pityriasis versicolor | small hyphae, yeast, that kind of looks like spaghetti and meatballs |
| What is another name for cutaneous mycoses | dermatomycoses |
| Tinea normally refers to what | dermatocytes |
| What is the street name for several tinea | ringworm |
| What is the etiological agent of a cutaneous mycoses affecting just the skin and hair | microsporum |
| What does keratinophilic mean | loves keratin |
| What are sources of keratin in the body | skin hair and nails |
| What is the etiological agent of a cutaneous mycoses affecting just the skin and nails | epidermophyton |
| what is the etiological agent of a cutaneous mycoses affecting skin, hair, and nails | trichophyton |
| what doe cutaneous mycoses normally affect | skin, hair, nails |
| What can you expect to see with a cutaneous skin mycoses | variable clinical picture, slow development |
| What can you expect to see with a cutaneous hair mycoses | endothrix and ectothrix, easily broken off |
| What does endothrix mean | inside the follicle |
| What does exothrix mean | outside of the follicle |
| What can you expect to see with a cutaneous nail mycoses | discolored and misshapped nails |
| What does tinea capitis affect/mean | head and scalp |
| What does tinea corporus affect/mean | body, usually chest and upper arms |
| what does tinea cruris affect | groin |
| what does tinea pedis affect | feet |
| what does tinea magnum affect | hands |
| what does tinea unguium affect | nails |
| What is another name for a fungal infection of the nails | onychomycosis |
| What does tinea mean | dermatophyte |
| Dermatophytes are normally indicate | cutaneous mycoses |
| What will you see with a direct examination of a dermatomycoses | KOH-septate hyphae |
| What kind of culture media can be used to culture dermatomycoses | routine fungal media, DTM (dermatophyte test medium) |
| What is the therapy for dermatomycoses | topical antifunglas or griseofulvin (oral) |
| What is fulvicin normally used for | dermatophytes |
| what is another name for griseofulvin | fulvicin |
| What indicator is found in DTM | phenole red |
| Why does the phenol red indicator in DTM turn red when identifying dermatophytes | dermatophytes produce bases |
| DTM is used as what | a presumptive id of dermatophytes |
| When culturing a dermatophyte what should you always do with the plate | turn it over and look at the mycelium |
| Lamacil is used to treat what | nail infections |
| How long is it suggested to use lamisil | 6-8 weeks |
| what is an adverse side effect of lamacil | liver damage |
| this ddermatophyte has macroconidium fusiform, rugged exterior, and may have microconidium | Microsporum |
| This dermatophyte has no microconidium, and clubshaped macroconidium | epidermaphyon |
| this is the most common cause of nail infections | trichophyton |
| What is the invitro hair perforation test used for | identification of trichophyton |
| trichophyton rubrum is | ure 0 |
| trichophyton mentagrophytes is | ure+ |
| What is the common name of sporotrichosis | horticulturists or rose gardener's disease |
| Who is normally at risk for sporotrichosis | farmers, laborers, gardeners, and horticulturalist |
| what the etiological agen of sporotrichosis | sporothrix schenckii |
| Where can you find the saprobic form of sporothrix schenckii | soil, plants, moist wood |
| sporothrix schenckii is what kind of fungi | dimorphic |
| What are two disease states of sporotrichosis | lymphocutaneous and pulmonary |
| What is the mean by lymphocutaneous | subcutaneous nodules which disseminate alon lymphatic dranage |
| What is meant by pulmonary when in reference to sporotrichosis | chronic cavtary with lymphodenopathy |
| What form does sporotrichosis take in vivo | yeast |
| What will you see on a KOH of a sphorothrix schenkii culture | daisy clusters and as it ages microconidium every |
| What are two treatment options of lymphocutaneous due to sporotrichosis | DOC (itraconizole) or potassium iodide |
| What is another name for Itraconizole | sporonox |
| What is the treatment for a pulmonary sporotrichosis infection | lobectomy, amphotericin B |
| Ampnotericin B is used for | systemic, last ditch antifungal |
| In mexico this infection broke out after a brick fight, as well as in african gold miens due to timbers used in the minds | sporotrichosis |
| What is another name for mycetoma | maduromycosis |
| What does tumefaction mean | swelling |
| what kind of infection would you expect to see chronic, suppurative, granulomatous infection with tumefaction, abscess formation and draining sinuses | mycetoma/maduromycosis |
| How can one acquire mycetoma | implantation of fungus into skin |
| where do lesions due to mycetoma normally occur | feet, hands, shoulders, buttocks, back and scalp |
| What is a common name of mycetoma | madurofoot |
| Where are mycetoma/maduromycosis found in the environment | soil |
| where can maduromycosis disseminate to | bones and bone marrow |
| what does mycetoma mean | fungus tumor |
| where does maduromycosis most commonly infect | the foot |
| What is the sinus discharge that exudates from a mycetoma contain | granules that are microcolonies of etiological agent |
| Atenimycotic mycetoma is caused by | bacteria |
| the true fungal agent for mycetoma/maduromycosis is | eumycota mycetoma |
| What is the etiological agent of a bacterial mycetoma | norcardia brazillences |
| Chronic granulomatous characterized by verrucous cutaneous nodules, ultimately forming papillomatous vegetations is characteristic of what mycoses | chromoblastomycosis |
| Phialophora verrucosa, fonsecaea pedrosoi, fonsecaea compacta, and chlodosporium carrioni are all related to what mycoses | chromoblastomycosis |
| How is chromoblastomycosis contracted | implantation into skin |
| what does verruca mean | wart |
| most chromoblastomycosis fungi are what type of pigment | demateaceous |
| Where are chromoblastomycosis infections most common | subtropical and tropical locales espeically in the americas |
| In vivo, what is brown rounded, thick walled septate cells 4-12 micrometers, aka sclerotic or medlar bodies characteristic of | chromoblastomycosis |
| What mycoses is characterized by localized abscess or pyogranuloma, lack the intense hyperplasia seen in chromoblastomycosis | Phaeohyphomycosis |
| How is phaeohyphomycosis contracted | via implantationinto skin |
| What is the etiological agents for phaeohyphomycosis | exophiala and phialophora |
| This type of fungi have colonies that are typically velvet in texture, low dense mycelium, and are often colored gray, dar olive, brown or black | dematiaceous |
| Most systemic mycoses present as what kind of infection | pulmonary infection |
| systemic mycoses are normally limited to a | restricted geographic area |
| systemic mycoses can infect | normal hosts |
| most systemic mycoses are what kind of fungi | dimorphic |
| why do most systemic mycoses present as a pulmonary infection | conidia is inhaled from the saprobic form |
| Are systemic mycoses communicable | no |
| What is another name for north american blastomycosis | gilchrist disease |
| what is the etiological agent for north american blastomycosis | blastomyces dermatiditis |
| what is the etiological agent for gilchrist disease | blastomyces dermatiditis |
| What is the saprobic form of blastomyces dermatiditis | mould/microconidia |
| what is the parasitic form of blastomyces dermatiditis | large yeast/broad basted blastoconidia |
| what does blastomyces dermatitiditis cause | north american blastomycosis |
| This mycoses presents ad a pulmonary disease with fever, chills, productive cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, it disseminates to skin, subcutaneous, bone, kidneys and the central nervous system | North american blastomycosis |
| What animals is blastomycosis common in | dogs and beavers |
| An infection of in which in 25% of people yeast can be seen in urine is | North American blastomycosis |
| What fungi is known to have large yeast with broad based blastoconidia, which can be diagnostic with a KOH mount | blastomyces dermitiditis |
| A room temperature culture, yields a mould with microconidia borne singly on short conidiophores is indicative of | blastomyces dermatitidis |
| What is another name for histoplasmosis | darling's disease |
| What is the etiological agent for histoplasmosis | histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum |
| What is the etiological agen of darling's disease | histoplasma capsulatum var capsulatum |
| What is seen in the saprobic form of histoplasmosis | mould/microconidia and macroconidia |
| Where is histoplasmosis normally found | birds (starlings) and bat guano |
| What is the parasitic form of histoplasmosis | very small yeast |
| This mycoses presents as a pulmonary infection with a cough and dyspnea and as it disseminates it moves into the reticuloendothelial system, lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver, spleen rarely skin , bone, or central nervous system | histoplasmosis |
| A patient presents with small intracellular yeast seen within leukocytes what etiological agent would you be thinking about | histoplasma capsulatum |
| When was the last "outbreak" of histoplasmosis and under what circumstances | 1978 hot springs arkansas during the renovation of a courthouse |
| A room temperature culture presents with a mould with microconidia and tuberculate macroconidia with thick wall and finger like projections what would you expect the etiological agent to be | histoplasma capsulatum |
| What is double gel diffusion assa used for | fungal antibody detection |
| what is another name for the double gel diffusion | ouchterlony |
| When is the M band seen | past, earlier or chronic infection |
| When is the h band seen | during an active infection |
| where is the h band located | nearest the patient serum |
| What is the etiological agent of african histoplasmosis | histoplasma capsulatum var duboisii |
| What is the difference in african histoplasmosis and american | the parasitic yeast in african histoplasmosis is broad isthmis to blastoconidia |
| Where does histoplasma capsulatum var duboisii normally occur | tropical areas of africa |
| What is typically the course of african histoplasmosis | progressive and fatal |
| What is the common name of african histoplasmosis | dessert rheumatism |
| coccidioles immitis and coccidoides posadasii are the etiological agents of what mycoses | coccidiodomycosis |
| What is another name for coccidiodoycosis | valley fever |
| valley fever is clinically called what | coccidiodomycosis |
| what are the etiological agents of valley fever | coccidioides immitis and coccidioides posadasii |
| what is the saprobic form of coccidioidomycosis | mould/arthroconidia |
| what is the parasitic form of coccidioidomycosis | spherule/endospores |
| what mycoses presents as a pulmonary infection with fever, chest pain, and cough and then disseminates to skin and subcutaneous bone and joints, viscerol organs and central nervous system | coccidioidmycoses |
| Which mycoses is the only notifiable in the USA | coccidioidomycosis |
| Where do most cases of coccidioidomycosis occur in the US | Arizona and California |
| Even though coccidioidomycosis does not form yeast in vivo it is still considered a | dimorphic fungi |
| a room temperature culture produces barrel-shapped arthroconidia connected by thin walled segments what fungi are you looking at | coccidioides immitis |
| in vivo you receive a tissue sample inwhich you see a spherule with endospores what are youw orking with | coccidioides immitis |
| What can the exoantigen test be used for | fungal identification |
| What is the clinical name for south american blastomycosis | paracoccidioidomycosis |
| What is the etiological agent for south american blastomycosis | paracoccidioides braziliensis |
| what mycoses presents with a pulmonary disease followed by lymphadenopathy, graulomas in skin and mucous membranes such as oral, nasal, and pharyngeal, papules which ulcerate, can be chronic and is often fatal | paracoccidioidomycosis |
| paracoccidioide braziliensis is the etiological agent for what mycoses | paracoccidioidomycosis |
| Where is paracoccidioidomycosis endemic | brazil |
| the saprobic mould is non distinctive, however the parasitic yeast has multiple blastoconidia, kind of looking like a shipwheel what are you looking at | paracoccidioidomycosis |
| What is the saprobic type of aspergilliosis | aspergilloma or fungusball |
| what is the invasive type of aspergillosis | acute or chronic pulmonary infection which may disseminate |
| mucormycosis demonstrates what type of infection | acute, generalized infection with vascular thrombosis |
| geotrichosis demonstrates what kind of infection | bronchitis |
| What kind of morphology would you expect to see with aspergillus species | septate hyphae with acute angle branching |
| What are the most common general of the zygomycetes | rhizopus, mucor, absidia, rhizomucor |
| What is the most common order in the zygomycetes that we deal with | mucorales |
| What can be expected of a mucormycosis | rhinocerebral mucormycosis |
| another name for mucormycosis | zygomycosis |
| What are four basic characteristics of zygomycetes | rapid growth, wide ribbon-like aseptate hyphae, sporangia with sporangiospores, and stolons with or without rhizoids |
| what is fusarium species notable for | keratitis and cd destruction |
