| Question | Answer |
| List the types of Hepatitis | A - Infectious
B, D - Serum
C - Parenterally transmitted
E - Enterically transmitted
G - Others |
| What are the causes of viral hepatitis? | Hep A, B, C, D, E, and G
Cytomegalovirus
Epstein-Barr
Herpes Simplex |
| Clinical manifestations of Hepatitis | Flu-like symptoms, Fatigue, Fever, Myalgia, Loss of appetite, Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Hepatomegaly |
| Lab findings of Hepatitis | Dark urine, light feces, Increased bilirubin, Liver enzymes increased |
| How is Hepatitis A transmitted? | Fecal-Oral route |
| What is the time frame of a Hepatitis A infection? | Incubation period of 28 days.
Abrupt onset. 1-8 weeks.
Resolves itself. No chronic state |
| What is the treatment of Hep. A? | Gamma Globulins given to immuno compromised patients exposed to Hep. A. |
| What are the preventions of Hep. A? | Proper personal hygiene, Proper sanitation, and Vaccination. |
| How is Hep. E transmitted? | Fecal-oral route. RNA virus. |
| List the tests used to diagnose Hep. E. | Anti-HEV IgM
Anti-HEV IgG
HEV RNA
ELISA
Western Blot
Fluorescent antibody blocking assay
HEV RNA - PCR |
| How is Hepatitis B transmitted? | Parenteral Route |
| What are the clinical manifestations of Hep. B? | Chronic HBV, Cirrhosis, Hepatocellular carcinoma. May be asymptomatic. |
| What are the markers used in Hep. B? | HBsAG - Hep B Surface Ag (1st active)
HBeAG - Hep B Envelope Ag (2nd)
IgM anti-HBc - Hep B core
Anti-HBe
Anti-HBs |
| How can Hepatitis B be prevented? | Prevent transmission
Vaccinations |
| What is the occurrence of infection of Hepatitis D? | Hep D is parenterally transmitted with the presence of Hep B. |
| How is Hep C transmitted? | Unprotected sex, Blood/body fluid exposure, IV drug use. |
| What are the clinical manifestations of Hep C? | Hepatocellular carcinoma
chronic infection with cirrhosis
immune complexes. |
| What are the outcomes of Hepatitis C? | Most continue the infection, becoming chronically ill or a carrier. |
| What are the lab findings of Hep C? | Anti-HCV |
| How is Hepatitis G transmitted? | Blood borne |
| What tests are used in determining Hep G? | ELISA, HGV RNA, and Western blot |
