| Question | Answer |
| Right Hemisphere Deficits | - inferences
- abstract & concrete words
- story arrangement
- comp. of spoken narratives
- pragmatics |
| Verbosity | can't read a room and talks too much |
| Pragmatic Deficits RHD | - reduced eye contact
- poor turn taking
- decreased convo initiation |
| Semantic Processing Deficits RHD | - lack of understanding metaphorical meanings |
| Aprosodia | reduction or absence of normal pitch, loudness, intonation and rhythm |
| Flat Affect | severely reduced emotional expression |
| Cognitive Linguistic Deficits | - problem solving
- reasoning
- judgement
- sequencing |
| Neglect | failure to report, respond, or orient to stimuli to the side opposite of the brain injury |
| Constructional Impairment | attention, perception, and neglect
- difficulty copying designs or reproducing figures |
| Anosognosia | real or feigned inability to perceive a deficit |
| Prosopagnosia | inability to recognize faces including their own |
| Coprolalia | involuntary obscenities |
| Emotional Liability | rapid exaggerated mood changes
- caused by damage between brainstem and frontal lobe |
| R Parietal Lesion (Neglect) | - perceptual aspects of scanning and attention
- reading difficulties |
| R Frontal Lobe Lesion (Neglect) | - motor aspects or visual scanning
- visual orientation
- spatial issues |
| R Thalamic Lesion (Neglect) | - difficulty engaging attention toward stimuli
- selective attention deficits |
| R Basal Ganglia Lesion (Neglect) | - extinction
- visual scanning issues |
| Hemianopia | - visual field cut
- most common on contralateral side to lesion |
| Operations of Attention | - arousal
- orientation
- vigilance
- maintaining selective/divided attention |
| Convergent Semantic Processing | - auditory comp
- word retrieval |
| Divergent Semantic Processing | - collective naming
- lexical judgements
- verbal fluency
- inferences
- alternative meanings
- excessive/reduced output |
| RHD Prognosis Influences | - age
- time of entering therapy
- damage
- family and support
- attitude/motivation
- physical condition and overall health |
| Task Orientated Treatment Approaches | - teaches a specific task for immediate functional gain
- immediate needs of pt addressed
- targets symptoms |
| Process Orientated Treatment Approaches | - uses intact processes to compensate for deficits
- stimulates recovery of impaired processes
- no immediate affects
- causes are addressed over symptoms |
| Compensatory Strategies | - tries to generalize skills
- targets underlying processes |
| Facilitation Techniques | - recovery of the process
- manipulates the stimulus to enable patients to make a maximal response
- minimal error rate
- provide immediate feedback
- elicit responses but do not force them |
| Compensatory Prosody | - ask CP or pt to explicitly state emotions or feelings |
| Compensatory Attention | - writing down distractions
- minimize environmental factors |
| Compensatory Memory | - lists
- note-taking
- calendars
- photos
- internal strategies
- journals |
| Compensatory Reasoning/Problem Solving | - brainstorming webs
- devices to stay on task
- environmental modifications |
| Causes of TBI | - MVC
- gunshot wounds
- sports injuries
- injuries at workplace
- abuse
- seizures
- lack of oxygen
- poisoning
- strokes/blood clots |
| Primary Damage of TBI | - initial impact |
| Secondary Damage of TBI | - infection
- hypoxia
- infarction
- intracranial pressure increase |
| Open-Head Injury | - meninges are torn or lacerated |
| Closed-Head Injury | - meninges are intact |
| Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI) | - shearing forces
- very severe |
| Symptoms/Deficits of TBI | - dysphagia
- language
- motor speech
- sensory
- perceptual
- voice
- cognition |
| Tracking RHD Progress | - NOMS
- Rancho Los Amigos Scale |
| The Brief Test of Head Injury assess... | - orientation
- attention
- aud comp
- linguistic organization
- reading comp
- naming
- memory
- visuospatial skills |
| The Scales of Cognitive Ability for TBI assess... | - perception
- discrimination
- orientation
- organization
- recall
- reasoning |
| Focused Attention | - one specific stimuli |
| Sustained Attention | - consistent attention during continuous/repetitive tasks |
| Selective Attention | - distracting/competing stimulus |
| Alternating Attention | - flexibility to shift from one stimuli to another |
| Divided Attention | - ability to respond simultaneously to a task or multiple task demands |
| Pre-Traumatic Amnesia | - retrieval proceses |
| Post-Traumatic Amnesia | - storage of memories |
| Goal of RHD Intervention | - achieve the highest level of independent functioning
- capitalize on strengths to address weaknesses
- facilitate activities to acquire new skills and strategies
- modify environment and contextual factors |
| Cog Rehab Models | 1. direct instruction (emphasized specific skills)
2. strategy based (self monitoring)
3. combined model (reinforcement and modelling) |
| Instructional Model | - errorless learning
- breaks into small tasks
- model and discourage guessing
- correct the pt's errors
examples: massed drills, spaced retrieval, and chaining |
| Tx of Severe Impairments | 1. present stimulus to engage attention and tracking
2. orientation overload
3. multi-sensory stimuli
4. oral stim |
| Tx of Moderate Impairments: Perception | - large print
- pointing or requesting
- selecting appropriately
- requesting
- copying
- following simple commands
- object naming |
| Tx of Moderate Impairments: Organization | - categorizing
- grouping
- meaningful units
- semantic use
- conversations
- stories
- sequencing
- pronouns |
| Tx of Moderate Impairments: Discrimination | - increased complexity
- stimulus size and language |
| Tx of Moderate Impairments: Recall/Memory | - strategies
- internal and external aids |
| Tx of Moderate Impairments: Reasoning/Problem Solving | - concrete to abstract
- mathematics
- analogies |
| Tx of Mild-Late Stage: Executive Functioning | - break down complex tasks
- written instructions and schedules
- establish consistent routines
- train CP
- keep possessions in consistent places
- organize work space
- set time limits
- check off lists
- alarms
- daily log, sticky notes |
| Tx of Mild-Late Stage: Lang. & Discourse Problems | - scripts
- note taking
- watch others for feedback
- practice telling stories
- rehearsal
- alert others to shifting topic
- watch others' facial expressions |
| Tx of Mild-Late Stage: Attention Deficits | - reduce distractions
- avoid interruptions
- get enough sleep/exercise
- avoid crowds
- watch for fatigue
- ask for help |
| Confabulation | the production or creation of false or erroneous memories without the intent to deceive |
| Concussion Management | 1. return to work/play plans
2. treat lingering symptoms
3. enlist appropriate professionals
4. make accommodations
5. outpatient therapy |
| Frontal Lobe RHD | - attention
- impulsivity
- working memory
- limbic emotions (fight or flight)
- emotions |
| Parietal Lobe RHD | - prosody
- behavioural changes
- left neglect
- memory connections
- semantics and groupings
- construction |
| Occipital Lobe RHD | - vision cuts
- prosopagnosia |
| Temporal Lobe RHD | - processing others emotions
- rhythm and music
- long term memory
- prosody and intonation |
