| Term | Definition |
| Stereo Microscope | 2 light microscopes combined
Low magnification/Large focus
More powerful than objective lens |
| Uses for stereo microscope | Colposcope (Vaginal examination)
Microsurgery
Dissection (papillae)
Parasitology and Pathology |
| Dark Field Microscope | Cartoid filter: Blocks central light
Object scatters light
Object illuminated on a dark field |
| Uses for Dark Field Microscope | Unstained organims
Tracking movement of micro-organisms |
| Principle of Phase Contrast Microscope | Varying thicknesses in object
Varying refractive indices
Microscope amplifies these variances |
| Theory of Phase Contrast Microscope | Annulus diaphragm - Over condenser
Ring of light allowed through
Phase Ring - In objective lens
Changes wavelength by 0.25 (lambda)
Combines refracted and diffracted light |
| Uses of Phase Contrast Microscope | Living cells
Unstained cells
Cell cultures |
| Nomarsky Microscope | 2 Prisms
Polarised light
Prism 1: Splits light
Split Light enters object close to eachother |
| Nomarsky Microscope (Prism 2) | Prism 2 reassembles the light
Contrast due to:
Difference in refractive index not thickness |
| Uses of Nomarsky Microscope | Cell cultures
Unstained cells
Living cells
Immunostained material |
| Polarisation Microscope | 2 filters
Polarizator - Condensing lens
Analizator - Objective lens |
| Polarizator & Analizator | Filters light onto one plane
Analizator is // : Field of vision is bright
Analizator is perp.: Field of vision is dark |
| Anisotropic | Structures that are able to rotate light to another plane.
Shows up bright on a dark field
eg. Crystals |
| Use of Polarisation Microscope | Membrane analysis
Diagnositics |
| Flouresence Microscope | UV light source
2 filters pre and post specimen
Specimen absorbs light, emits a light with bigger wavelength |
| Colour of self fluorescing tissues:
Collagen
Porifines
Carotinids
Lipofuscin | Light Blue (Collagen)
Red (Porfirines)
Yellow (Carotinids/Lipofuscin) |
| Flourescent Dyes
(F.A.R.) | Flourescine
Acridine Orange
Rhodamine |
| Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope | Laser beam excites molecules
Laser moves across the object
Light focused (w/pin hole)
Records image
Thicker objects |
| Light beams in Flouresence Microscopy | Barrier 1: 450-490 nm
Barrier 2: <510 nm (reflected)
> 510 nm (pass)
Barrier 3: 520 to 560 nm (pass through) |
