| Question | Answer |
| Pulmonary Circulation | -Moves blood to and from the lungs
-Pulmonary trunk:
Arises from right ventricle.
-Pulmonary arteries:
Branches of pulmonary trunk which project to lungs.
Pulmonary veins:
Exit each lung and enter left atrium. |
| Systemic Circulation: Arteries | -Aorta--
From which all arteries are derived either directly or indirectly
-Parts---
Ascending, descending, thoracic, abdominal
Coronary arteries
Supply the heart |
| Systemic Circulation: Veins | Return blood from body to right atrium
-Major veins=
Coronary sinus (heart)
Superior vena cava (head, neck, thorax, upper limbs)
Inferior vena cava (abdomen, pelvis, lower limbs)
-Types of veins=
Superficial, deep, sinuses |
| Dynamics of Blood Circulation | Interrelationships between
-Pressure
-Flow
-Resistance
-Control mechanisms that regulate blood pressure
-Blood flow through vessels |
| Blood Pressure | Measure of force exerted by blood against the wall
Blood moves through vessels because of blood pressure
--Measured by listening for Korotkoff sounds produced by turbulent flow in arteries as pressure released from blood pressure cuff |
| Pulse Pressure | Difference between systolic and diastolic pressures:
--Increases when stroke volume increases or vascular compliance decreases
--Pulse pressure can be used to take a pulse to determine heart rate and rhythmicity |
| Blood Flow | -Amount of blood moving through a vessel in a given time period.
-Directly proportional to pressure differences, inversely proportional to resistance |
| Poiseuille’s Law | ---Flow decreases when resistance increases
---Flow resistance decreases when vessel diameter increases |
| Viscosity | --Measure of resistance of liquid to flow
--As viscosity increases, pressure required to flow increases |
| Critical closing pressure | Pressure at which a blood vessel collapses and blood flow stops |
| Laplace’s Law | Force acting on blood vessel wall is proportional to diameter of the vessel times blood pressure |
| Vascular compliance | Tendency for blood vessel volume to increase as blood pressure increases
More easily the vessel wall stretches, the greater its compliance
Venous system has a large compliance and acts as a blood reservoir |
