Post-WWII. Reston, VA (1962) was first planned res comm in VA, and established by the Fairfax Co. Board of Supervisors. Self-contained town. Columbia, MD (1963) = self-contained. Planned by James Rouse. Neighborhood unit principles and class integration.
"Garden City" development model
Proposes a self-sufficient community that incorporates high-density development. This allows much open space for greenbelts, agricultural land, and other scenic components. This theory marked a departure from more conventional, industrialized cities.
Radical Planning
Radicalism take transactivism to the extreme. Radicalism hates hierarchical bureaucracies, centralized planning, and domineering professional planners. Planning is most effective when it's performed by non-professional neighborhood planning committees
"Garden Suburb"
Theory applied to residential communities and is based on the 1869 model of Riverside, Illinois as designed by Frederick Law Olmstead, Sr. It incorporates well-manicured green space and curving streets.
Dissecting Techniques
Dissecting techniques are used to produce theories about planning's function in society. These techniques are based on describing what planners "actually do", and not on idealized visions of what planners "should be doing".
Synoptic Rationalism
Rationalism is the foundation and embodiment of the scientific method. Contains: 1) goals and objectives are set, 2) policy alternatives are identified, 3) policy alternatives are evaluated, 4) selected policy alt is implemented
Bid Rent Theory
William Alonso. 1960. The Bid Rent Theory holds that, as urban development extends farther from the central business district, there is a proportional decrease in the cost of land, employment opportunity, population density, and development intensity.
Utopianism
Utopianism = planning is most effective when it proposes sweeping changes that capture the public imagination. Daniel Burnham's "Plan of Chicago", Frank Lloyd Wright's "Broadacre City, and Le Corbusier's "La Ville Contemporaine" are cited as Utopian works
City as Growth Machine Theory
John Logan and Harvey Molotch. The City as Growth Machine Theory holds that the elite and wealthy members of a community are the primary directors of urban growth.
Transactive Planning
Like incrementalism, transactivism doe snot view planning purely as a scientific technique. It espouses planning as a decentralized function based on face-to-face contacts, interpersonal dialogues, and mutual learning. Behaviorlist-style planning
