| Question | Answer |
| Define hematology. | The study of blood and blood forming organs. |
| Where are five places in the body that blood is formed? | 1. Bone Marrow
2. Spleen
3. Liver
4. Lymph Nodes
5. Thymus |
| Name the 4 original body humors. | Blood, Phlem, Black Bile, and Yellow Bile. |
| Cellular elements make up what percent of blood? | 45% |
| Cellular elements of blood include what 3 classes? | 1. Erythrocytes
2. Leukocytes
3. Platelets |
| Plasma makes up what percent of the blood? | 55% |
| What role does water play in plasma? | Transport medium and hydration of tissues |
| The 9% of plasma that is not water is composed of what? | Proteins, electrolytes,carbohydrates, lipids, hormones, enzymes, antibodies, and vitamins. |
| What is the percentage for each subclass of cellular elements? | Erythrocytes = 44%
Leukocytes = <1%
Platelets = <1% |
| What is the primary role of a RBC? | Transport of O2 and CO2. |
| What is the function of a platelet? | To maintain integrity of a red blood cell and begin coagulation processes. |
| Name 5 functions of blood. | 1. Transport nutrients to tissues
2. Remove metabolic end products
3. Gas Exchange
4. Natural defense mechanisms
5. Maintain integrity of the circulatory system |
| The cell membrane regulates what? | Entry and Exit to the cell |
| What is the cell membrane made from? | Proteins and lipids form a phospholipid bilayer. |
| 2 types of chromatin can be found in the? | Nuclues |
| Define heterochromatin? | Tightly coiled chromosomes that are inactive. |
| What is Euchromatin? | This refers to the uncoiled or diffused chromosomes that have an active role in the storage and transmitting of genetic information and directing of cellular activies. |
| The nucleolus contains what? | RNA |
| Nucleoli are present in cells engaged in what? | Protein synthesis |
| The (inner or outer) membrane of the nuclear envelope is continuous with the ER? | Outer |
| The cytoplasm represents which portion of a cell? | The fluid portion (cytosol) |
| This organelle is responsible for post-translational modification of proteins as well as the transport of membrane bound secretory proteins. | Golgi Apparatus |
| Rough ER is responsible for the synthesis and storage of what? | Proteins |
| Smooth ER is responsible for the synthesis and storage of what? | Lipids |
| This is the site of energy production in a cell. | Mitochondria |
| These membrane bound vesicles are responsible for the dissolving of waste. | Lysosomes |
| What is Proteomics? | The study of composition, structure, and functional interaction of cellular proteins. |
| Which segment of a necleotide sequence DOES NOT code for protein? | Introns |
| What is pre-mRNa? | This is the copy of an entire sequence of a gene including introns and exons. |
| Mature mRNA includes only (introns or exons)? | Exons - this makes mature mRNA shorter |
| UTRs stand for? | Untranslated Regions |
| Where are UTRs located? | At the 5' and 3' ends of mature mRNA |
| What are the 2 roles of a UTR? | UTRs influence the stability of mRNA and efficiency of translation of a protein. |
| The variations of genetic sequence of a gene in different individuals is known as a _________? | Polymorphism |
| The is the alteration in a sequence of a gene that results in disease or abnormal function. | Mutation |
| SNP stands for what? And what is it? | Single nucleotide polymorphism is a region of DNA that differs in a single DNA nucleotide. |
| How do promoter regions of genes control gene expression? | They bind transcription factors to regulate expression. |
| True or False? Promoter regions are transcribed during the process of transcription? | False - they are not transcribed but used to regulate. |
| Variation in a genetic sequence with >1% frequency that does not cause disease is called? | Polymorphism |
| Gene expression is controled by promoter regions as well as these from outside the cell? | Signals |
