Question | Answer |
Name 5 popular Linux Distros | Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Fedora
Ubuntu
Mandriva
Debian
Slackware
Mint |
CLI | Comman Line Interface |
GUI | Graphical User Interface |
2 common Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) | KDE - K Desktop Environment
GNOME - GNU Object Model Environment |
shell | component that interacts with users
command interpreter for the Linux System
accepts user commands and ensures that the kernel carries them out
contains interpretive programming language |
bash | default linux shell
'bash' opens the bash shell
combines C shell and Bourne shells |
Bourne | original UNIX shell developed by Steve Bourne at Bell Labs
Available on all Linux systems 'sh' opens the Bourne shell |
C shell | designed to support C language development environments
designed for more interactive use and less typing
'csh opens the C shell |
Korn | combination of the C and Bourne Shells
Features of C shell wth syntax of Bourne Shell |
echo | command that displays the current shell
'echo $SHELL' is the command used |
more | view one page at a time |
head | displays the first 10 lines of file or log |
tail | displays the last 10 lines of a file or log |
terminal or console | CLI mode
supports up to 6 terminal sessions in CLI
Ctrl+Alt+F1-F6 switches between terminal sessions |
shell command format | 'command -option argument' |
option | change or limit the way a command is executed
always preceded by a single - or double -- |
argument | also called a command line argument
usially a filename or directory that indicates on what the command will operate
can be files, directories, commands or command switches |
semicolon ';' | used at the CLI to perform multiple functions, one after another |
date | command that displays and allows you to set the date and time |
cal | displays the calendar for month or year |
uptime | displays the time since last reboot |
load average | average CPU utilization |
who | shows details of user currently logged into a system |
whoami | displays current logged in account details |
hostname | displays the FQDN of the system |
w | displays details of currently logged in users transactions |
last | displays history of user login and logout |
sleep | used to pause system activities
variable is time defined in seconds |
cat | displays combines and creates text files
frequently used to view small text files |
which | verify whether the user has the right to execute a command
syntax 'which *command*' |
init runlevel | |