Question | Answer |
Genetics | the study of heredity |
Gregor Mendel | called the Father of Genetics... he developed the principal of genetics by researching pea plants |
Trait | a genetically determined characteristic |
Dominant gene | stronger gene or trait in genetics |
Recessive gene | weaker gene or trait in genetics |
Allelle | one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic... a genotype includes an allele from each parent |
Hybrid | an organism that is heterozygous (has two different genes) for a particular trait |
Purebred | an organism that is homozygous (has two of the same genes) for a particular trait |
Incomplete dominance | condition that occurs when genes are neither dominant nor recessive (characteristics blend). |
Codominance | the expression of two dominant traits within the same organism at the same time |
Meiosis | the production of sex cells... the process results in cells with only half the normal number of chromosomes |
Phenotype | the visible characteristics of an organism (as a result of the genotype) |
Genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism |
Punnett Square | a chart that is used to show the possible gene combinatons in a cross between two organisms. |
Mutation | a change in a gene or chromosome that results in a new characteristic |
Sex-linked trait | characteristic passed from parent to child on a sex chromosome |
DNA | nucleic acid that stores the information needed to build proteins and carries genetic information about an organism |
Genetic engineering | process in which genes or parts of DNA are transferred from one organism into another organism |
Gene | the basic unit of heredity |
Heredity | the passing of traits and genes from parent to offspring. |
Chromosome | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA |
Probability | the likelihood that a future event will occur |
Heterozygous | organism with 1 dominant and 1 recessive gene |
Homozygous | organism that has either both dominant or both recessive genes |
Homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and structure |
Pedigree | a diagram that shows a genetic trait in several generations of a family |