Question | Answer |
Where are parasitic diseases most common | warm climates |
what can effect the distribution of parasitic diseases | social, economics, public health, sanitation |
parasites with a simple life cycles are often more | cosmopolitan |
What is the cause of most cases of parasitic diseases in the US | travelers and immigrants |
The degree of injury due to parasitic infection normally depends upon | number, size, activity, and location |
What are the clinical manifestations of a parasitic infection | general and variable |
What is required for diagnosis | laboratory detection and identification |
Parasites that have no vectors or intermediate hosts are normally referred to as | simple |
parasites that have an intermediate host or vectors are normally referred to | complex |
when was the last time malaria was endemic in the US | 1940 |
What is a protozoa | a unicellular eukaryotic microorganism |
a unicellular eukaryotic microorganism | protozoa |
amebas, flagellates, ciliates, hemoflagelates, sporozoa and coccidia are all a part of what class of parasites | protozoa |
what are helminths | metazoa; wormlike invertebrates |
metazoa; worm like invertebrates are known as | helminths |
nematodes, filariae, cestoda, and trematoda are all in what group of parasites | helminths |
arthropods are devinded as | hard exoskeleton jointed apendages |
these have hard exoskeletons and jointed appendages | artropods |
How are protozoa grouped | mode of transport/locamotion |
what is a protracted relationship | causing harm, having it for some period of time |
parasite implies what type of relationship | protracted |
Insects and arachnids are in what group of parasites | arthropods |
the arthropod group of parasites consists of | arachnids and insects |
Amebas have what form of locomotion | pseudopodium |
Flagellates have what form of locomotion | flagella |
Ciliates have what form of locomotion | cilia |
hemoflagelates have what form of locomotion | flagella |
Nematodes are what | intestinal round worms |
filariae are what | tissue roundworms |
cestoda are what | tapeworms |
trematoda are what | flukes |
What is meant by infective form | infective to humans |
what is meant by diagnostic form | that which is seen in the laboratory |
what are the two forms you will see protozoas in | trophozoite and cysts |
what is a trophozoite | troph, the active vegetative form |
what is a cyst | the inactive, resistant, infectious form |
What are the life stages of the helminths | adult, ovum, larvae |
what is the adult stage | mature stage |
what is an ovum | egg |
what is a larvae | immature stage |
Cysts can often pass through what and still be viable | the stomach |
urine, mineral oil, and radiography contrast media found in stool is normall | contamination |
How many stool specimens are needed for the detection of helminth ova | one to two |
how many specimens are needed to detect protozoa | three collected every other day |
what are the proper preservatives for stool | formalin and PVA |
What does PVA stand for | polyvinyl alcohol |
What type of slide can be used from formalin | wet mounts |
what type of slide can be used from PVA | permanent |
sodium acetate-acetic acid formalin can be used for what | permanent smears and concentration methods |
What are two ways to process stool specimen | formalin and PVA |
What is the process for a formalin preparation | concentration, iodine wet bount look for ova or larvae |
what is the process for a PVA preparation | no concentration, trichrome stain looking for trophs and cysts |
if doing a peripheral blood thin smear what stain should be used | wrights or giemsa |
what do you us a thick peripheral blood smear for | malaria |
what is a para-pak | a stool specimen collection device |
Protozoa stain gray blue to black with nuclei and cellular inclusions darger than cytoplasm is seen in what stain | iron hematoxylin |
this stain offeres better contrast than iron hematoxylin, protozoan trophs and cyst have a blue-green to purple cytoplasm, nuclei and inclusions are red to purple red, background is green | trichrome |
what is flotation best used for | protozoan cysts, hymenoepis nana ova and hookworm ova |
what solvent is used in the floatation method | zinc sulfate |
What is used in the sedimentation method | formalin ethyl acetate |
What iodine solution is preferable | dobell and connor or d'antoni's |
what is an except able iodine solution | lugol's |
what are iodine stains sealed with | vaspar |
what are the best objectives too look at a iodine smear | 10x and 40x |
What is the best objectives to look at trichrom stained slids | scan at 40 and use OI for identification |
How do protozoa reproduce | binary division |
who are lumen dwelling protozoa normally identified | trichrome stained |
what are cyst walls made of | chiten |
why can't trophs be the infective form | they do not survive passage through digestive system |
what is the reproductive form of protozoa | trophs |
What is the etiological agent for amebiasis | Entamoeba histolytical/entamoeba dispar |
Entamoeba histolytica/entamoeba dispar is the etiological agent for | amebiasis or amebic dysentary |
How is entamoeba histalitytica/entamoeba dispar transmitted | cysts in contaminated food and water |
These are the only pthogenic amoebas | entamoeba histolytical/entamoeba dispar |
entamoeba histolytica can be diferentiated via what method | serological |
what is another name for a nucleolus | cariozome |
What is the difference between E. colis and histolytica | e. coli have very dirty cytoplasm and histolytica have a must cleaner cytoplasm |
how many nuclei can a E. histolytica have | up to 4 no more |
What are the organs E. Histolytica infect | liver, lung. brain |
What shape will the chromatoidal bodies in histolytica have | round |
What shape will the chromatoidal bodies have in E. coli | excentric with dirty cytoplasm |
What is the differential characteristic of e. Harmanni to E. histolytica | size, Harmanni is <10 um |
This entamoeba is characterized by no parachromatin, large cariozome, up to 4 nucleoli | E. Nana |
This entamoeba is characterized by a variable nuclei and often times over to the side | E. Butshlii |
Fragillis was once thought to be a entamoeba but is now a | flagilate |
fragillis is known for what? | two nuclei, no cyst form and ragged chromatoidal bodies |