Question | Answer |
spcific gravity | ionic solutes cause protons to be released |
pH | methyl red andd bromthymol blue |
blood | pseudoperoxidase activity of the heme moiety |
leukocyte esterase | cleaves an esterr and forms aromatic compound w azocoupling to form dazonium salt |
nitrite | diazotization reaction of nitrite |
protein | precipitation technique, indicator of errors |
glucose | glucose oxidase |
ketones | nitropruside reacction |
bilirubin | azocoupling w diazonium salt to form azo dye |
urobilinogen | modified Erlich's reagent |
prophobilinogen | Watson Schwartz test |
increase transitional epis | uti or transitional cell carcinoma |
renal tubular | acute ischemic or toxic renal disease from heavy metals |
oval fat bodies | glomerular dysfunction increased protein and casts |
increased hyaline | exercise, dehydration,fever stress |
waxy casts | tubular obstruction w prolonged stasis, chronic renal failure |
red blood cell casts | intrinsic renal disease, glomerulonephritis |
wbc casts | renal inflammation or infection, pyelonephritis |
renal tubular casts | intrinsic renal tubular disease |
increased numbers casts | proteinuria must be present |
rbc casts | blood should be positive |
bile pigmented casts | bilirubin should be positive |
monosodium urate, uric acid | found in acidic urine |
calcium oxilate, bilirubin crystals | found in acidic urine |
cystine crystals, tyrosine crystals | found in acidic urine |
leucine and cholesterol crystals | found in acidic urine |
amorphous phosphate, triple phosphate | found in alkaline urine |
calcium phosphate, ammonium biurate | found in alkaline urine |
calcium carbonate | found in alkaline urine |