Question | Answer |
List the viruses in the Herpes Virus group | Epstein-Barr
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes Simplex
Varicella-Zoster |
What are the characteristics of the Herpes virus? | DNA viruses. Replicate in the nucleus of the cell. |
What diseases are caused by Epstein-Barr? | Infectious Mono
Burkitts Lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
B-Cell lymphoma |
What are the symptoms of Infectious Mono? | Fever, Fatigue, Sore Throat, Swollen Lymph nodes |
What are the EBV specific antibodies? | Anti-VCA (viral capsid antigen)
Anti-EA (early antigen)
Anti-EBNA (epstein-barr nuclear antigen) |
What antigens can be tested in EBV? | EA-R (early antigen restricted)
EA-D (early antigen diffuse)
VCA - (viral capsid antigen)
MA- (membrane antigen)
EBNA- (epstein-barr nuclear antigen)
EBNA-1
LYDMA- (lymphocyte determined membrane antigen) |
How is Cytomegalovirus transmitted? | Saliva
Sexual contact
Parenterally
Blood/Organ transplants |
What are the clinical manifestations of CMV? | Encephalitis
Retinitis
Pneumonia
Gastroenteritis |
What is the immune response for CMV? | IgM is produced against early infection.
IgG peaks at 2-3 months
CD8 and NK cellular response |
What testing is done for CMV? | ELISA - Confirm
RIA
IHA |
What are the types of Herpes Simplex? | HSV-1 and HSV-2 |
How is herpes transmitted? | Sexually or mother-to-infant |
What is the lab diagnosis of HSV-1 and HSV-2? | Culture
Immunofluorescence
PCR
DNA probes
ELISA
Latex Agglutination |
What is the Tzanck Smear? | Stain lesion material with Sedi or Wrights stain.
Examine for multinucleated giant cells |
What is the problem with using a Tzanck smear? | It does not distinguish between HSV-1 and HSV-2, nor does it differentiate Vericalla-Zoster.
It is just a screening test. |
What is Primary Varicella-Zoster? | Chicken Pox |
What is secondary Varicella-Zoster? | Shingles |
What is the lab diagnosis of V-Z? | Culture
Tzanck smear
ELISA
PCR |
How is HIV transmitted? | Unprotected sex
Sharing needles
Mother-to-fetus
Infected Blood products |
What are the immunological manifestations of HIV? | Slight decrease in CD4 T-cells
p24 appears
6 weeks ab are detected |
What are the clinical symptoms of HIV? | Mono-like symptoms for 6-12 weeks
Latent period up to 10 years
Chronic lymphadenopathy
"Full Blown" AIDS |
How is HIV replicated? | HIV attaches to the host CD4 antigen receptor on T Cells, macrophages, monocytes, B cells, and GI cells.
Monocytic line serves as a reservoir. |
What are the structural genes of HIV? | p15, p17, p24, p7, and p9
gp160, gp20, gp41
p66, p51, p31 |
What are the regulator genes of HIV? | VPU codes for p16
NEF codes for p27
TAT codes for p14
VIF codes for p23 |