| Question | Answer |
| Elements of a Computer | Input (get data)
Output (display result)
storage
performance of arithmetic and logic operations |
| CPU | Central Processing Unit
Components:
CU control unit
ALU arithmetic logic unit
IR instruction register |
| CU | Control Unit
1 fetch and decode data MAIN FUNCTION
2 control flow of info in and out of main
memory
3 control operation of the CPU's internal
units |
| ALU | Arithmetic Logic Unit
carries out all arithmetic and and logical operations |
| IR | Instruction Register
holds the instruction currently being executed |
| Main Memory | all programs go into main memory before they can be executed
all data must go into main memory before a program can be manipulated
*when computer is turned off, everything in the main memory is lost for good |
| Memory Cells | compose the Main Memory in an ordered sequence. Each cell can be either programming instruction or data.
ADDRESS: unique location for each cell |
| Secondary Storage | permanent storage
ie hard disks, flash drives, CD-ROMS, etc. |
| Software | programs written to perform a certain task
2 Types incl System Programs and Application Programs |
| System Programs | control the computer
ie- operating system |
| Operating System | monitors the overall activity of the computer and provides services
ie- memory mgmt, input/output ativities and storage mgmt |
| Application Programs | perform a certain task
ie- word processors, spreadsheets, games |
| Analog Signals | continuous waveforms used to rep such things as sound |
| Digital Signals | rep info with a sequence of zeros and ones.
0- low voltage
1- high voltage |
| Machine Language | language of a computer composed of zeros and ones |
| Bit | binary digit 0 or 1 |
| Binary Code | AKA Binary Number
sequence of 0s and 1s |
| Byte | sequence of eight bits |
| ASCII | American Standard Code for Information Interchange
Data set consist of 128 characters numbered 0-127 |
| Assembler | program that translates a program written in assembly language int an equiv program in machine language |
| High Level Languages | programming language closer to natural languages
ie- C++, COBOL, Java, |
| Compiler | translates instructions written in high-level language into machine code
identifies logic errors but does not correct them |
| Output Statement | ex
cout << "My first C++ Program." << endl;
cause the computer to evaluate the expression after the pair of symbols and display the results on screen |
| endl | causes the insertion pt to move to the beginning of the next line |
| string? | stores characters on the keyboard |
| Source Code | or Source Program
text editor |
| # | statements that begin w/ # are preprocessor directives |
| Object Program | machine language version of the high-level language |
| SDK | software development kit
ie- Visual Studio, Codewarrior, etc. |
| Linker | combines object program w other programs in the library |
| Loader | program that loads an executable program into main memory |
| 6 Steps to Execute a C++ Program | C++ Program
1 Editor
2 Preprocessor
3 Compiler (syntax error back to step 1)
Library into linker
4 Linker
5 Loader
6 Execution
*as a programmer, you need to be concerned with step 1 |
| Algorithm | step by step problem solving in which a solution is arrived at in a finite amt of time |
| Programming Problem-solving Process | 1 analyze the prob., outline the probem and it's solution requirements, & design an algorithm to solve prob
2 implement the algorithm in C++, and verify that it works
3 maintain the program by using and modifying it if the prob domain changes |
| Structured Design | dividing a prob into smaller subproblems
AKA Modular Programming
Structured Programming is the process. |
| Object Oriented Design (OOD) | 1 identify objs. which form the basis of the solution, and determine how they interact with each other
2 identify the data for each obj, the relevant DATA & possible OPERATIONS to be performed w the data |
| Kilobyte | 2^10= 1024 bytes |
| Megabyte | 2^20 = 1,048,576 bytes |
| Gigabyte | 2^30 = 1,073,741,824 bytes |
| Terabyte | 2^40 = 1,099,511,627,776 bytes |
| Class | In C++, the mechanism that allows you to combine data and operations on the data into a single unitt is called class |
| mnemonic | In assembly language, an instruction is an easy to remember mnemonic |
| Computer Categories | Mainframe
Midsize
Micro |
| ANSI/ISO | 1998, approved C++ language standards |
