Question | Answer |
Mendelian Traits | autosomal/dominant/recessive inheritance patterns |
Non-Mendelian Traits | Any other inheritance pattern |
Phenocopy | similar phenotype produced by some non-genetic causes |
Genocopy | similar phenotype produced by different genotypes |
Allelic Heterogeneity | similar phenotypes produced by different mutaiots at the same gene |
Polymorphism | multiple alleles for a gene in a population each with an allelic frequancy above 5% |
Locus Heterogeneity (polygenic traits) | similar phenotypes produced by mutations at different gene loci |
Multifactorial traits | characteristics controlled by multiple factors, both genetic and environmental |
polygenic traits | phenotypes determined by multiple genes |
Pleiotropy | for a single gene to control multiple traits |
codominance | different alleles for a gene that impart independent effects on phenotypes |
mitochondrial traits | determined by mitochondrial genes (maternal inheritance) |
anticipation | a mutant phenotype that increases in severity each generation due to trinucleotide repeat expansion |
epigenic imprinting | a mutant genotype with a different phenotype depending on context (for instance, the sex of the patient) |
X-linked recessive | a recessive allele carried by the X chromosome, mostly affecting males, never passed from father to son |
X-linked dominant | a dominant allele carried by the X chromosome, affecting females twice as often as males, never passed from fater to son |
Sex-influenced traits | genetic traits whose clinical manifestations or severity are influenced by the sex of the affected individual |
Sex-limited traits | traits restricted to one sex, although genotype can be present in either sex |