Question | Answer |
Treaty of Versailles | Harshly blamed Germany for WWI damaging its economy and national pride. Fueled Adolf Hitler and used treaty to justify his foreign policy |
Merchants of Death | Committee that blamed greedy bankers and arms dealers for US involvement in WWII |
Appeasement Policy | Giving in to the demands of an agressive power in order to avoid conflict |
League of Nations | Weak due to lack of US involvement and was not taken seriously |
U.S. Neutrality | Want of the United States to stay out of WWII and remain neutral |
Allied Powers/ Axis Powers | Allied: England, United States, Soviet Union, France
Axis: Germany, Italy, Japan |
Isolationism | The want to stay out of conflict and not choose a side |
Cash and Carry | Country could buy US supplies as long as they payed in cash and could offer their own transportation of the supplies |
Lend and Lease | Put into effect after many countries had no cash left. Gave weapons to any country whose defense was vital to the United States as long as after the war they payed the US back |
Pearl Harbor | December 7, 1941
Destroyed all of the United States Pacific fleet excluding three aircraft carriers. Final straw before US enters war |
Dorrie Miller | Cook for Navy who was aboard a docked warship at Pearl Harbor and took over anti-aircraft gun. Awarded the Navy Cross (first African American given this award) |
U.S.S. Arizona | Memorial in Pearl Harbor. Leaking oil but still lies at bottom of the harbor |
Rationing | Mandatory cutting back on supplies on the WWII home-front |
Rosie the Riveter | First drawn by Norman Rockwell in 1943. Signifies feminine power and significance on WWII home-front |
OSRD | Office of Scientific Research and Development. Responsible for many technological/medicinal improvements during the war |
WPB | War Production Board |
Selective Service Act | Instituted military draft. 38% enlisted and 62% were drafted |
Dwight D. Eisenhower | Supreme Commander of the American Allied Forces |
FDR/Harry Truman | FDR was the president of the United States throughout the Great Depression and through most of WWII. FDR died 82 days into his fourth term making Truman president April 12, 1945 |
Arsenal of Democracy | Urged American citizens to be a collective democratic force |
Penicillin | Accidental discovery of a âmiracle drugâ made by the OSRD |
Radar/Sonar | OSRD improved technologies that aided the US Navy throughout the war |
Manhattan Project | Codename for the project to construct an atomic bomb |
Robert Oppenheimer | â Father of the Atomic Bombâ |
Bracero program | Voluntary Mexican laborers who entered the US to harvest crops (âhired handsâ) |
Zoot Suit Riots | Increased racial tension between American and Mexican youth. Upset Americans because these suits used a lot of fabric which went against the rationing efforts. Based in LA |
Navajo Code Talkers | Navajo natives who used their sophisticated language as code that the Japanese couldnât break |
Executive Order 9066 | Order by FDR that called for the rounding up and relocating of Japanese-Americans |
Nisei | Japanese term meaning the first generation of Japanese born in United States |
Fred Korematsu | Sued government due to confinement; Supreme Court ruled in favor of government because it was a necessary measure for public safety |
Double victory campaign | Hopes of the US military for victory abroad and victory against discrimination at home |
Two-Front War | Many African-Americans who served believed they were fighting racism abroad (Nazis) and racism at home (segregated military) |
Phillip Randolph | Labor and civil rights leader who planned the march on Washington for civil rights |
Detroit race riots | Major race riot in the summer of 1943 that killed 34 people and caused millions of dollars of damage |
Great migration | African Americans relocating north and west for jobs in war manufacturing plants |
V-E Day | Nazi Germany surrenders |
V-J Day | Victory declared in the Pacific Theatre |
Hiroshima/Nagasaki | Two cities in Japan who had atomic bombs dropped on them by the United States to end the war in the Pacific |
GIâs | Nickname for US soldiers that stood for government issued |
Norman Rockwell | Artist responsible for the first drawing of Rosie the Riveter |