Adam Smith | Karl Marx |
The greatest improvement in the productive powers of labor, and the greater part of the skill, dexterity, and judgment with which it is anywhere directed, or applied, seem to have been the effects of the division of labor | The immediate aim of the Communist is the same as that of all the other proletarian parties: formation of the proletariat into a class, overthrow of the bourgeois supremacy, conquest of political power by the proletariat. |
This great increase of the quantity of work which, in consequence of the division of labor, the same number of people are capable of performing, is owing to three different circumstances; first, to the increase of dexterity in every particular workman | In this sense, the theory of the Communists may be summed up in the single sentence: Abolition of private property |
By restraining, either by high duties, or by absolute prohibitions, the importation of such goods from foreign countries as can be produced at home, the monopoly of the home-market is more or less secured to the domestic industry employed | You are horrified at our intending to do away with private property. But in your existing society, private property is already done away with for nine-tenths of the population; |
The natural advantages which one country has over another in producing particular commodities are sometimes so great, that it is acknowledged by all the world to be in vain to struggle with them. | In bourgeois society, living labour is but a means to increase accumulated labour. In Communist society, accumulated labour is but a means to widen, to enrich, to promote the existence of the labourer. |
As long as the one country has those advantages, and the other wants them, it will always be more advantageous for the latter, rather to buy of the former than to make. It is an acquired advantage only | It has been objected that upon the abolition of private property all work will cease, and universal laziness will overtake us. |
Every individual is continually exerting himself to find out the most advantageous employment for whatever capital he can command. | The bourgeois sees in his wife a mere instrument of production. He hears that the instruments of production are to be exploited |
it is his own advantage, indeed, and not that of the society, which he has in view. But the study of his own advantage, naturally, or rather necessarily, leads him to prefer that employment which is most advantageous to the society. | The Communists are further reproached with desiring to abolish countries and nationality. |
By preferring the support of domestic to that of foreign industry, he intends only his own security; and by directing that industry in such a manner as its produce may be of the greatest value, | National differences and antagonisms between peoples are daily more and more vanishing, owing to the development of the bourgeoisie |
The sovereign is completely discharged from a duty, in the attempting to perform which he must always be exposed to innumerable delusions, and for the proper performance of which no human wisdom or knowledge could ever be sufficient; | CLASS CONFLICT |
the sovereign has only three duties to attend to; three duties of great importance, indeed, but plain and intelligible to common understandings | PRIVATE PROPERTY |
the duty of protecting the society from the violence and invasion of other independent societies; secondly, protecting society from the injustice or oppressiot establishing an exact administration of justice; maintaining certain public works | LABOR |
The market price of every particular commodity is regulated by the proportion between the quantity which is actually brought to market, and the demand of those who are willing to pay the natural price of the commodity | FAMILY AND EDUCATION |
DIVISION OF LABOR | INTERNATIONAL COMMUNISM |
TRADE | COMMUNIST MANIFESTO |
THE INVISABLE HAND | |
SUPPLY AND DEMAND | |
WEALTH OF THE NATIONS | |