Question | Answer |
Most grains are relatively poor sources of what 2 AAs? | tryptophan and lysine |
What 4 AAs are synthesized from the glycolytic pathway? | Ser, Gly, Cys, Ala |
What 4 AAs come from alpha-ketoglutarate? | Arg, Glu, Gln, Pro |
What 2 AAs come from Oxaloacetate? | Asp, Asn |
What two substrates are required to form serine? | glucose and Glu |
What is required for glycine to form serine or NH4? | FH4 - tetrahydrofolate |
What intermediate is necessary to form CO2 and H20 from glycine? | glyoxalate |
Cysteine is derived from what two AAs? | Serine and Methionine |
Cysteine is derived from what immediate intermediate? | Cystathionine |
What is cysteine broken down into? | Sulfate - excreted in the urine |
What is FH4? | tetrahydrofolate |
What 5 AAs have 5Cs, are interrelated metabolically, and are associated with alpha-ketoglutarate? | Glu, Gln, Pro, Arg, His |
What enzymes catalyzes the addition and removal of Amide N of Gln? | glutamine synthase |
Describe the histidine degradation pathway | His, urocanate, FIGLU, glutamate |
What are transamination reaction related to TCA cycle intermediates? | OxAC to Asp, alpha-k-Glu to Glu, Pyr to Ala |
What types of products do the degredation of glucogenic AAs produce? | pyruvate |
What types of products do the degredation of ketogenic AAs produce? | acetyl CoA |
What AAs are known to form fumarate during their catabolism? | Phe, Tyr, Asp |
What is PKU? | phenylketonuria |
What enzyme is defective in phenlyketonuria? | phenylalanine hydroxylase |
What are the 4 known defects in Tyr metabolism? | tyrosinemia I and II, alcaptonuria, neotnatal tyrosinemia |
What are the 4 AAs that form succinyl CoA? | Met, Thr, Val, Ile |
Conversion of propionyl CoA to Succinyl CoA require what cofactors? | biotin and vitamin B12 |
What is the intermediate between propionyl CoA to Succinyl CoA? | methylmalonyl CoA |
What is SAM? | S-adenosyl Methionine |
Describe the pathway from Met to Propionyl CoA. | L-Met, SAM, SAH, L-Homocysteine, Cystathionine, alpha-ketobutyrate, Prop-CoA |
What are the 2 fates of Thr catabolism | Glycine and AcCoA |
What is SAH? | S-adenosyl Homocysteine |
Elevated lvls of what AA intermediate are associated with heart disease? | L-Homocysteine |