Question | Answer |
John C. Calhoun | Wrote Doctrine of Nullification (1828), strong slave supporter, Senator of South Carolina, Vice President to Andrew Jackson |
Trail of Tears | The trail that Native Americans were forced to follow starting at their homelands to reservations in Oklahoma, authorized by Andrew Jackshon |
Adams-Onis Treaty | Treaty (1819) that stated the U.S. got Florida for five million, Spain gave up its claim to Oregon to America and America gave up Texas |
The Monroe Doctrine | Doctrine that said that foreign countries couldn’t interfere with the Americas |
Mass Production/ Eli Whitney | Invented cotton gin which helps pick seeds from cotton- needed more people to gin and pick cotton, slaves were the clear answer. Cotton plantations increased and less land was available, so the cotton plantations grew west. |
State's Rights | Belief that individual state's governments should be more powerful than federal government |
Nationalism | Devotion to national interests, unity, and independence |
Sectionalism | The belief that one part of the nation’s needs/interests are more important than another’s |
Henry Clay's American System | Thought tariffs would make Northerners happier, he attempted to unify and make the country stronger, was advanced by the Whig Party and number of leading politicians |
Missouri Compromise | Was to create balance in government, Missouri became a slave state, Maine became a free state, slavery was excluded from North of 36°30 EXCEPT for Missouri |
The American Colonization Society | Believed that blacks could never be assimilated into American life so they wanted to send them back to Africa, only 4000 people sent back in twenty years |
Abolitionism | A movement to end slavery and the slave trade, to set slaves free |
William Lloyd Garrison | Editor of abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator, Burned a copy of the constitution because it condoned slavery |
Stephen Austin | Started a settlement in Mexican province of Texas, Brought 300 families to settlement. His father previously owned the settlement but died before he could distribute the land so Austin took over the land without spending any money |
The Alamo | A mission fortified by Texans from the massive Mexican army. The Texans were greatly outnumbered. Although it a was loss, it fired up Texans w/ the battle cry, “REMEMBER THE ALAMO!” Sam Houston led the attack. |
The Republic of Oregon | People paid attention to it because of opportunities to earn money with rumors of fertile land and the fur trade dying out. Were a self government that made their own constitution that would be used until they were let into the Union. |
Why did D.C. suddenly pay attention to Oregon? | Many settlers were moving there, the first year 1000 settlers came, the second year, 1500 and the third year 3000. They thought that Oregon's self government wasn't sufficient anymore. |
Complaints of Americans living as citizens in Texas | No trial by jury, no slavery allowed, far from the capital so they had small representation in the government, no rights from bill of rights/ constitution |
Issues that drove Texans to declare their independence from Mexico in 1836 | Mexico outlawed slavery, High taxes and quartering Mexican soldiers- reminded them of American Revolution |
How Texas got independence from Mexico | The Texans led by Sam Houston captured Santa Anna during battle of San Jacinto and they forced him to sign a treaty recognizing Texan independence |
What the Texas constitution said about slavery | Stated than Texan congress could not interfere with slavery |
What Northerners feared about Texas | Since Texas was so large they didn't know if it would split up into multiple slave states, creating imbalance in the government with more slave states in congress |
Gag rule | Forbade discussion over the topic of slavery in Congress
A way to keep abolitionism out of South
Northerners opposed it
Believed that it did not solve the problem, only allowed it to develop and let tension rise; avoiding the problem made it worse |
The argument that John Quincy Adams used to repeal the “gag rule” | Said it "Directly violated the freedom of speech in the Constitution"
Was dangerous to restrict freedom of speech of Congress
Avoiding the problem only made it worse |
Slave Trade | Abolished in 1807 but people still smuggled slaves illegally afterwards |
Why Southerners began defending slavery and what they said in its defense | The North began attacking slavery and pressing abolition so they had to start defending it, they originally said it was a necessary evil but then changed it to saying it was a good thing and condoned in the bible |
What portion of Southerners owned slaves in 1860 | 1/4 (25%) |
3 Reasons the South remained agricultural as the North became industrial | They had slaves so immigrants avoided the South because of the work competition,
Fertile Land,
They had less internal improvements so they couldn’t transport goods from factories easily |
2 Ways the south believed the “Northern Conspiracy” had been able to use the federal gov’t | The tariff protected Northern Manufacturers so it charged higher prices to Southern planter, the government also subsidized Northern shipbuilding |
One factor that united all Southern states | All pro slavery |
What George Fitzhugh stated about the North | He changed the Southern defense into an attack
He claimed that the so-called “equal rights” of the North allowed the strong to oppress the weak
He said that the strong in the North were masters without responsibilities |
South Carolina's reaction to the tariff of 1832 | After tariff is passed, South Carolina nullifies the tariffs of 1832 AND 1828. Jackson threatens to invade SC if they nullify the tariffs and passed the force bill which allowed him to- SC nullifies force bill and secedes from the Union in 1860 |
Doctrine of Nullification | Lets any state nullify a law that they believed to be unconstitutional |
Andrew Jackson | Wealthy Tennessee lawyer and rising politician- became seventh president. Took leadership role when war broke out with Britain and earned him fame as a military hero. Supporter of state's rights. Forced relocation of Native American tribes- trail of tears |