Question | Answer |
What is the function of the Kidd antigen? | The Kidd (JK) glycoprotein is the red blood cell (RBC) urea transporter |
This RBC antigen situated in the membrane rapidly transports urea into and out of RBCs, maintaining the osmotic stability and shape of the RBC in the process. | Kidd |
Kidd glycoprotein is also expressed in this organ | kidney, where it enables the kidney to build up a high concentration of urea which is needed for the kidney to produce concentrated urine. |
Describe the clinical features of People who do not produce the Kidd glycoprotein | not able to maximally concentrate urine, but despite this, they are healthy and their RBCs have a normal shape and lifespan. |
Do Kidd antibodies cause HTR and/or HDN? | significant cause of delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions. Anti-Kidd antibodies are also a cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), severity tends to be mild in nature. |
what chromosome is the Kidd glycoprotein gene on? | Located on chromosome 18 |
Frequency of Kidd antigens | Jka: 77% Caucasians, 92% Blacks, and 73% Asians
Jkb: 74% Caucasians, 49% Blacks, and 76% Asians
Jk3: 100% in most populations, >99% in Polynesians |
Frequency of Kidd phenotypes | Jk(a+b+): 50% Caucasians, 41% Blacks, 49% Asians
Jk(a+b-): 26% Caucasians, 51% Blacks, 23% Asians
Jk(a-b+): 23% Caucasians, 8% Blacks, 27% Asians
JK(a-b-): Rare in most populations, found in 0.9% Polynesians |
Isotype of Kidd antibodies | IgG and IgM
IgG is more common |
Do Kidd antibodies bind complement ? | Capable of hemolysis
Can bind complement |
Are Kidd antibodies associated with Hemolytic transfusion reactions? | common cause of delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions.
Anti-Jka and anti-Jkb are dangerous antibodies because they can be difficult to detect in routine blood cross-matches. |
Are Kidd antibodies associated with Hemolytic disease of the newborn | Yes—typically mild disease |
estimated that ___%of DHTRs are caused by anti-Jka | It has been estimated that over 33% of DHTRs are caused by anti-Jka |