Term | Definition |
Coding | is the process of translating a computer solution into a language a computer can understand |
High-level languages | allow programmers to use English-like instructions |
Compilers | translate high-level instructions into 0s and 1s (machine language) |
Interpreters | translate the program line by line as the program is running |
Linkers | add in additional code to make the program self-executable |
procedure-oriented program | the programmer concentrates on the major tasks that the application needs to perform
Examples: COBOL, BASIC, C |
object-oriented program | creates objects with behaviors and values to accomplish its goal
Examples: C++, Java, C# |
Event-driven | program utilizes user, system, and component events to accomplish goals
Visual C#, Visual C++, Visual Basic
Window.close, mouse.click, system.err |
Syntax errors | errors in typing, punctuation, or structure of commands |
semantic errors | outside the programmer’s control and occur at run time (file not found). |
Logic errors | incorrectly written instructions
Example: Multiplying a number by 2
Get input number.
Compute calculated answer as
inputNumber times 4.
Print calculatedAnswer. |
sequence structure | directs the computer to process the program instructions, one after another, in the order in which they are listed in the program |
algorithm | set of instructions that will transform the problem’s input into its output and is a finite number of step-by-step instructions that accomplish a task
Example: steps to pump gas at a self-service pump |
Pseudocode | tool programmers use to help plan an algorithm |
Formula | mathematical relationship between numbers
10 apples is the same as 5 apples+5 apples (10=5+5)
If there are 3 feet per meter, then 9 feet = 3 meters
(9 feet/3 feet per meter = 3 meters) |
Systems development | The process of creating and maintaining information systems. |
life cycle | The sequence of events that characterize the steps of development of things. |
SDLC | Software Development Life Cycle. |
Flowline | An arrow that indicates the flow of logic through the flowchart. |
Terminal symbol | A start/stop symbol, is used at each end of a flowchart, it's shape is a lozenge. |
Input | Data that is entered into the computer system via an input or storage device. |
Process | A systematic sequence of actions that combines resources to produce an output. |
Output | Data that has been processed into a useful format. |
Repetition | A name, key word, or phrase is repeated several times. |
Machine language | A system of instructions & data executed directly by a computer's CPU. |
Assembly language | A programming language that uses letters and numbers to represent machine language instructions. |
High level language | A programming language like Python that is designed to be easy for humans to read and write. |
Logic | An implied comparison resulting when one thing is directly called another. To be logically acceptable, support must be appropriate to the claim, believable and consistent. |
Flowchart | A diagram that shows step-by-step progression through a procedure or system especially using connecting lines and a set of conventional symbols. |
Control structures | Logical structures that control the order in which instructions are carried out. |
Iteration | Repetition. |
IPO chart | Program development tool that delineates input, processing, and output tasks. |
Desk checking | A testing technique in which the program code is sequentially executed manually by the reviewer. |
Valid data | Data that an algorithm is expecting the user to enter. |
Invalid data | Data that an application is not expecting the user to enter. |
Test data | Input to test the program. |
Comment | A note that you can add to a document. |
Function | A prewritten formula that makes it easy to perform common calculations. |
Std | Scope. |
Namespace | Database of Internet IP addresses and their associated names. |
Compiler directive | Commands for the compiler, which are needed to effectively compile the program.#include <iostream> |
Include | A directive that causes the contents of the iostream file to be sent along with the contents of your file to the compiler. |