Question | Answer |
What 3 species of important pathogenic bacteria fall under the genus "Mycobacterium?" | 1) Mycobacterium leprae 2) Mycobacterium tuberculosis 3) Mycobacterium ulcerans |
Is Mycobacterium gram neg or gram pos? | Neither. Mycobacterium are acid fast organisms. |
What kind of stains can be used to see Mycobacterium under the microscope if they can't be gram stained? | Fite's stain, Ziehl-Neelsen stain, and Kinyoun stain. |
Mycobacterium appear how under a microscope? | Mycobacterium long, slender rods. |
Are Mycobacterium encapsulated or unencapsulated? | Mycobacterium are unencapsulated. |
How would you describe the motility of Mycobacterium? | Mycobacterium are nonmotile. |
How could you classify the respiration of Mycobacterium? | Mycobacterium are aerobic. |
Are Mycobacterium extracellular or intracellular? | Mycobacterium are extracellular. |
What kind of growth media would be used to grow Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lab? | Mycobacterium tuberculosis would grow on Lowenstein-Jensen agar. |
How is Mycobacterium leprae transmitted? | Prolonged human contact. Spread through exudates from skin lesions to abrasions of other person. |
What disease is caused by Mycobacterium leprae? | Leprosy, also called Hansen's disease. |
How do you treat Mycobacterium leprae in its tuberculoid form? | Dapsone and rifampin. |
How do you treat Mycobacterium leprae in its lepromatous form? | Clofazimine. |
How do you prevent Mycobacterium leprae, or leprosy? | BCG vaccine is somewhat effective. Not a guarantee. |
In its lepromatous form, Mycobacterium leprae can be identified using __ __ staining from __ __. | acid fast staining from skin scrapings. |
How is Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmitted? | Droplet contact. |
What disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis? | Tuberculosis (Also called TB or consumption). Duh. |
Treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is complex. For the first 2 months, you take what 4 drugs in combination? | 1) Isoniazic 2) Rifampicin 3) Pyranzinamide 4) Ethambutol |
How do you treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis during the last 4 months? | Give 1) Isoniazid 2) Rifampicin |
How do you prevent infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis? | 1) BCG vaccine 2) Isoniazid |
How do you see Mycobacterium tuberculosis under the microscope? | Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Remember, Mycobacterium are acid fast and do not gram stain. |
How do you diagnose Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lab? | 1) Stain with Ziehl-Neelsen stain 2) Hybridization probes for DNA succeeded by PCR 3) Culture on Lowenstein-Jensen agar. |
What important species of bacteria fall under the genus "Mycoplasma?" | Mycoplasma pneumoniae. |
Mycoplasma lack a __ __ and are therefore unaffected by antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis. | cell wall |
How does Mycoplasma pneumoniae look under a microscope? | Mycoplasma pneumoniae look plastic, pleomorphic. |
Are Mycoplasma pneumoniae encapsulated or unencapsulated? | Mycoplasma pneumoniae is encapsulated. |
How do you categorize the respiration of Mycoplasma? | Mycoplasma are mostly facultative anaerobes. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is strictly aerobic, however. |
Is Mycoplasma pneumoniae extracellular or intracellular? | Mycoplasma pneumoniae is extracellular. |
Mycoplasma is a frequent lab __ or cultures. | contaminant |
How do you categorize the respiration of Mycoplasma pneumoniae? | Mycoplasma pneumoniae is strictly aerobic. |
How is Mycoplasma pneumoniae transmitted? | 1) Human flora 2) Droplet contact. |
What disease is caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae? | Mycoplasma pneumonia. Easy. |
How do you treat Mycoplasma pneumoniae? | 1) Doxycycline 2) Erythromycin. |
How do you diagnose Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the lab? | 1) Serological tests like complement fixation 2) DNA probes on sputum. |
What important pathogens fall under the genus "Neisseria?" | 1) Neisseria gonorrhoeae 2) Neisseria meningitidis |
Is Neisseria gram neg or gram pos? | Neisseria is gram neg. |
What does a Neisseria microbe look like under the microscope? | Neisseria is a kidney bean shaped diploccoci. |
Is Neisseria encapsulated or unencapsulated? | It can be either. |
Is Neisseria motile or non-motile? | Neisseria is non-motile. |
How would you classify the respiration of Neisseria? | Neisseria is aerobic. |
What growth media is used for Neisseria? | Thayer-Martin agar. |
Gonococcus is __ __ while Neisseria meningitidis is __. | facultative intracellular and N. meningitidis extracellular. |
How is Neisseria gonorrhoeae transmitted? | 1) Sexually 2) Vertical in birth. |
What diseases are caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae? | 1) Gonorrhea 2) Ophthalmia neonatorum 3) Septic arthritis |
How do you treat uncomplicated gonorrhea? | 1) Ceftriaxone 2) Tetracycline 3) Spectinmoycin |
How do you treat someone with ophthalmia neonatorum? | Tetracycline OR Erythromycin into the eyes. |
How do you prevent Neisseria gonorrhoeae? | 1) Safe sex 2) Tetracycline OR Erythromycin into eyes of newborns at risk. |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae can be seen in the __ from urethral exudates. | neutrophils |
How would you diagnost Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the lab? | 1) Find gram-neg diplococci in neutrophils from urethral exudates 2) Oxidase test on Thayer-Martin agar 3) Fermentation of glucose BUT NOT maltose. |
Neisseria meningitidis is spread how? | Respiratory droplets. |
What diseases are caused by Neisseria meningitidis? | 1) Meningococcal disease 2) Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome |
How is Neisseria meningitidis treated? | 1) Penicillin G 2) Cefotaxime 3) Ceftriaxone |
How do you prevent Neisseria meningitidis? | 1) Rifampin 2) Vaccine - NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135 |
How do you diagnose Neisseria meningitidis in the lab? | 1) Microscropy showing gram-neg diplococci, often with PMNs 2) Culture on CHOC agar 3) Give pos osidase test and fermentation of glucose and maltose in 5% CO2 in air. |
What important pathogenic species falls under the genus of "Pseudomonas?" | Pseudomonas aeruginosa. |
Is Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram neg or gram pos? | Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram neg. |
How does Pseudomonas aeruginosa look under the microscope? | Rods. |
Is Pseudomonas aeruginosa encapsulated or unencapsulated? | Pseudomonas aeruginosa is encapsulated. |
Is Pseudomonas aeruginosa motile or non-motile? | Pseudomonas aeruginosa is motile. |
How would you classify the respiration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa? | Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an obligate aerobe. |
What sort of growth medium would you use to culture Pseudomonas aeruginosa? | MacConkey agar. |
Is Pseudomonas aeruginosa extracellular or intracellular? | Pseudomonas aeruginosa is extracellular. |
How is Pseudomonas aeruginosa transmitted? | 1) Infects damaged tissues 2) Infects people with reduced immunity. |
What sort of disease can be caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa? | Pseudomonas infection. Duh. |
How do you treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa? | Aminoglycoside and anti-pseudomonal B-lactam. |
How do you treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa? | 1) Topical silver sulfadiazine for burn wounds. NO VACCINE. |
How do you diagnose Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lab? | 1) Colorless colonies on MacConkey agar 2) Production of pyocyanine and fluorescein 3) Pos oxidase test, no lactose fermentation. |
What important species of pathogen falls under the genus "Rickettsia?" | Rickettsia rickettsii. |
Rickettsia rickettsii is gram-neg or gram-pos? | Rickettsia rickettsii is gram-neg, but stains poorly. |
What is the shape of Rickettsia rickettsii? | Coccobacillary; small, rod-like. |
Is Rickettsia rickettsii encapsulated or unencapsulated? | Neither. Slime/microcapsule. |
Is Rickettsia rickettsii motile or non-motile? | Rickettsia rickettsii is non-motile. |
How do you classify the respiration of Rickettsia rickettsii? | Rickettsia rickettsii is aerobic. |
What sort of growth medium would be used with Rickettsia rickettsii? | Brain heart infusion broth and Eagle's minimal essential medium. Rarely cultured. |
Is Rickettsia rickettsii intracellular or extracellular? | Obligate intracellular. |
How is Rickettsia rickettsii spread? | Bite of infected wood or dog tick. |
What disease can you catch from an infection of Rickettsia rickettsii? | Rocky mountain spotted fever. |
How do you treat Rickettsia rickettsii? | 1) Doxycycline 2) Chloramphenicol |
How do you prevent infection by Rickettsia rickettsii? | 1) Vector control 2) Remove attached ticks promptly |
How do you diagnose Rickettsia rickettsii in the lab? | 1) Serology 2) Immunofluorescence against Rickettsia antigens. |
What important species of pathogens fall under the genus "Salmonella?" | 1) Salmonella typhi 2) Salmonella typhimurium |
Is Salmonella gram-neg or gram-pos? | Salmonella is gram-neg. |
What is the shape of Salmonella? | Bacilli. |
Is Salmonella encapsulated or unencapsulated? | Salmonella is encapsulated. |
Is Salmonella motile or non-motile? | Salmonella is normally motile. |
How would you classify the respiration of Salmonella? | Salmonella is a facultative anaerobe. |
What growth medium should be used with Salmonella? | MacConkey agar. |
Is Salmonella intracellular or extracellular pathogen? | Salmonella is a facultative intracellular pathogen. |
How is Salmonella typhi spread? | Human to human, fecal-oral through food or water. |
What disease is caused by Salmonella typhi? | Typhoid fever type salmonellosis. Causes dysentery and colitis. |
How do you treat Salmonella typhi? | 1) Ceftriaxone 2) Fluoroquinolones, like ciprofloxacin. |
How do you prevent Salmonella typhi? | 1) Ty21a and ViCPS vaccines 2) Hygiene and food prep. |
Salmonella typhi can be isolated from ? | 1) blood 2) feces 3) bone marrow 4) urine 5) rose spots on skin |
How do you diagnose Salmonella typhi in the lab? | 1) Colorless, non-lactose fermenting colonies on MacConkey agar 2) Serology for antibodies against O antigen. |
How is Salmonella typhimurium transmitted? | 1) Fecal-oral 2) Food contaminated by fowl, eggs, pets, other animals. |
What diseases are caused by Salmonella typhimurium? | Salmonellosis with gastroenteritis and enterocolitis. |
How do you treat Salmonella typhimurium? | 1) Fluid and electrolyte replacement for severe diarrhea 2) Antibiotics in immunocompromised patients. |
How do you prevent Salmonella typhimurium? | 1) Proper sewage disposal 2) Food prep 3) Good personal hygiene. |
How do you diagnost Salmonella typhimurium in the lab? | Colorless colonies on MacConkey agar. |