Question | Answer |
Archaeologists | Study past societies based on the things they have left behind |
Neolithic | New stone |
Agriculture | cultivating food |
Pharaoh | means great house, name for Egyptian kings |
Sargon | means the true king, conquered Sumerian city states, leader of the Akkadians |
Theocracy | government where leaders rule by divine authority |
Mesopotamia | The land between the rivers |
Ziggurat | stepped tower dedicated to the god of the city |
Anthropologists | study human life and culture |
Nomads | follow herds of animals |
Irrigation | technique used to bring water to crops |
Mohenjo-Daro | means mound of the dead, one of the largest city settlements in the Indus valley |
Akkadian Empire | semetic people 2340 BC, ruler was Sargon |
Rosetta stone | stone containing both hieroglyphics and greek writing, important because it enable translation of hieroglyphics |
cuneiform | wedge shaped writing |
Millet | cereal crop |
Paleolithic | means old stone |
Hunter-Gatherer | society living off hunting and foraging for seeds and berries |
Domestication | species becomes accustomed to being cared for by another (like humans raise cattle |
Fertile crescent | Euphrates and Tigris rivers run through, early civilizations started there, Middle East |
Sumer | city located in southernM |
Hieroglyphics | Egyptian writing |
Babylon | city state in ancient Mesopotamia |
Loess | in China |
Mesolithic | middle stone age |
Neolithic Revolution | 8000 B.C.E. - 4000 B.C.E |
Citadel | A fortress for protecting a town, sometimes including a castle |
Menes | Name of the first pharaoh credited for creating the first dynasty |
Polytheism | Belief in many gods |
Monotheism | Belief in one god |
Hammurabi | sixth king of Babylon. He became the first king of the Babylonian Empire, extending Babylon's control over Mesopotamia by winning a series of wars against neighboring kingdoms.[1] Although his empire controlled all of Mesopotamia at the time of his death, |
Silt | soil deposited at the bottom of a river |
Five Characteristics of a civilization | Knowledge of Writing, Social Stratification Organized Government with clear political boundaries, Economic Specialization, Conscious development of art and Intellectual Attitudes. |
four ancient civilizations and the rivers they developed along | Egypt - Nile, China - Huang/Yangtse, Mesopotamia-Tigris/Euphrates, Indus Valley -Indus river |
Why did Mesopotamia develop as a collection of city-state instead of one united nation? | Decentralized government due to choppy land making for difficult travel |
Why did Egypt have one united national government | Centralized government due to flat land-easy travel |
What impact did geography have on ancient civilizations? | (Egypt/Mesoptamian land) Difficult travel results in city-states easy travel results in one government |
Why was the neolithic revolution important? | switch to the keeping of animals and growing of food - systematic agriculture. |
First Amendment includes... | Free Speech, Free Press, Freedom of Religion, Petition the government, Right to Assembly... |