Term | Definition |
Acute Blood Loss Anemia | Result of a traumatic condition
Severe hemorrhage
Body adjusts to the lower blood volume by diverting fluids from other extra-vascular spaces to the circulation |
Acute Blood Loss Anemia
Lab Finding | Rapid decrease of platelet levels
Left shift of the leukocytes (immature cells)
Direct smear: normocytic, normochromic cells. |
Chronic Blood Loss Anemia | Blood loss of small amounts occurs over an extended period of time
Chronic and continual loss of blood - Overall blood volume is not effected
Usually results in an iron deficiency anemia - Depleted iron stores |
Clinical findings
Chronic Blood Loss Anemia | Reticulocytes - Normal or slightly elevated
Anemia develops after iron storage is depleted - hypochromic, microcytic
WBCs - Normal or slightly decreased
Platelets - Normal and decrease in severe iron deficiency |
Aplastic Anemia | Failure of pluripotential stem cells to produce RC, WC, and megakaryocytes
CD 34 cell population is deficient in number
Results in reduced growth and production of all blood cell lines |
Forms of Aplastic Anemnia | Idiopathic
Constitutional
Iatrogenic- drug related
Infections |
Lab Finding of Aplastic Anemia
RBC's | Normocytic, normochromic
Variations of aniso, poik and macro |
Lab Finding of Aplastic Anemia
Pancytopenia | Deficient production of blood cells of all types
Diagnosis is made when at least 2 of 3 peripheral blood values fall below critical levels. |
Fanconi’s Anemia | Inherited through an autosomal recessive gene
Most frequently seen aplastic anemia in children
Twice as common in males than females |
Fanconi's Anemia
Clinical Symproms | Low birth weight
Skin hyperpigmentation
Short stature
Skeletal disorders |
Falconi's Anemia
Lab Finding | Progressive pancytopenia-Apparent by 5 years old
Hemoglobin level:5-6 g/dl with moderate to severe pancytopenia
DNA testing using HLA typing |
Pure Red Cell Aplasia | involves disturbed erythropoeisis |
Pure Red Cell Aplasia
Acquired | Selective failure of RBC production
Leukocytes and platelets are normal |
Pure Red Cell Aplasia
Chronic | Associated with drugs, collagen vascular disorders and lympho-proliferative disorders |
Diamond-Blackfan Syndrome | Congenital hypoplastic anemia
Slow progressive and refractory anemia
Normal WBCs and platelets
Severe cases
RBCs are normochromic, Slight Macrocytic |
Transient Erythroblastopenia of Childhood | Occurs in healthy children younger than 8 years old
Self-limiting - Previous viral infection common |
Transient Erythroblastopenia of Childhood
Clinical Findings | Moderate to severe normocytic anemia
Severe reticulocytopenia |
Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia | Indirect hyperbilirubinemia
Ineffective erythropoiesis
Peculiarly shaped multinuclear erythroblasts |
Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia
Laboratory Findings | Decreased Hgb, Hct, and RBC's
Decreased leukocytes and platelets |