Question | Answer |
What is Sport Toursim? | Travel which involves either observing or participating in a sporting event staying apart from their usual environment |
Four Components of Sport Tourism | Tourists
Businesses that provide goods and services for tourists
The government in a tourist destination
The host community |
Examples of Active Sport Tourism | Person travels to take part in sport |
Examples of Passive Sport Tourism | Person travels to watch a sport |
Examples of Nostalgia Sport Tourism | Going to Pro Football hall of fame |
What is a Hallmark Event? | Superbowl, Wimbeldon |
Difference between Mega and Small-Scale Event | Mega- Olympics
Small-scale- College sports, existing community infastructure |
Which of these is not a part of the triple bottom line? | Social well-being
Mental well-being
Economics
Environment |
(T/F) The legacy of urban regeneration means the beautification and rebuilding of run-down urban areas preceding an event | TRUE |
Which of these is not a cause of exaggeration of economic benefits from a sport tourism event? | Time switchers
Casuals
Regulars
Displacement |
What could make an economic impact study unreliable? | Who conducted the study, what did it actually take into account
Displacement Effect-process whereby potential tourists are discouraged from visiting a destination because of perceptions of such hassles as crowding |
(T/F) An economic impact study is a better measure for the impact of an event than a cost-benefit analysis | FALSE |
What is Sport Marketing | Sport marketing is the process of designing and implementing activities for the production, pricing, promotion and distribution of a sport product or sport business product to satisfy the needs or desires of consumers and to achieve the company’s objectiv |
Two unique aspects of sport? | Intangible and involves emotion |
What are the 4 P's of marketing? | Price
Promotion
Place
Product |
10 steps in creating a marketing plan? | Place
Price
Purpose
Position
Package
Promise
Protecting the Market
Players
Promotion
Product |
What are internal factors of the market climate? | Players, Owners, Team Management, Staff |
What are the external factors of market climate? | Media, corporate sponsors, fans |
Branding Steps in order from first to last | Brand Awareness
Brand Image
Brand Equity
Brand Loyalty |
Difference between Demographics and Psychographics | Demographics- City, Income, Sex
Psychographics- Sport itself, service |
Difference between Tangible and Core Products | Tangible- Goods
Core- Sport itself, service |
4 things to consider when setting a product price | Consumer
Competitor
Company
Climate |
3 aspects of promotional mix | Advertising
Sponsorship
Public Relations |
5 key concepts in Sport Communication Theory | Genres
Context
Process
Elements
Effects |
Difference between external and internal organization | Internal- Memos within organization
External- News released to public through media outlets |
4 Basic component elements of communication | Sender
Message
Receiver
Channel to which the message is delivered |
2 Factors that can inhibit communication | Feedback
Noise |
(T/F) Intrapersonal Communication is communication between two people | FALSE |
Example of Print Commnication | Newspaper |
Example of Electronic Communication | TV |
Example of New Media Communication | Twitter, Facebook |
What is the difference between two-way symmetrical and two-way asymmetrical communication | Asymmetrical- Try to induce Public Behavior
Symmetrical- Recognize outcome may mean that the organization and public may have to change |
Differences between Public, Media, and Community Relations | PR- Public Based
MR- Media Based
CR- Community Based |
What is Scarcity? | Insufficient resources to meet needs and wants |
(T/F) Good are tangible, services are intangible | TRUE |
What are the laws of supply and demand | Law of demand: as price increases, demand decreases
Law of supply: as price increases, supply increases |
This means where market supply meets market demand | Market Equilibrium |
(T/F) All professional sports teams are profitable | FALSE |
What are 3 reasons costs have increased in college athletics | Travel, Equipment, Coaches Salary |
3 ways colleges can cut spending | TV, Merchandising, Student Fees |
How do you calculate assets | Assets=Liability + Owners Equity |
5 varsity athletic facilities at The Ohio State University | Ohio Stadium, St. Johns, Schott, Bill Davis Stadium, JO |
3 things that shape consumer attitudes | Experiences, feelings, beliefs |
Highly identified consumers do all the following except? | Attend more games
Are more sensitive to price
Are less sensitive to prove
Invest more time and effort into being a fan |
What are reference groups? | Peers, people or groups that influence your ideas or behaviors based on their favorite team. Parents affect on you liking Ohio State. |
Every event is a product, outcome and a | Occurence |
What are 3 pre-event tasks? | Scheduling the event, Negotiating the event, Coordinating the event |
What are 3 post-event tasks? | Clean up, settlement, evaluation |
Example of Single purpose facility? | Bowling Alley |
Specialized facility | Ice Rink |
Multi-purpose facility | Large stadium |
Non-traditional facility | Skate Park |
Privatization started in what sport sector? | Professional |
What is sport consumer behavior? | Consists of the process involved in the search, selection, purchase, and use of products, services, and experiences that fulfill consumers’ needs or desires |
What is the difference between a market segment and target market? | Market segment- Portion of the population
Target market- specific market segment you've identified |
3 key motives for participation | Social motivation, Mastery motivation, Achievement motivation |
Which of the following motivations means motivation to be the best | Achievement Motivation |
What does BIRGing stand for? | Basking In Reflective Glory |
(T/F) All participants of a sport are also spectators | FALSE |
What are 2 stimuli that affect consumer perception | Physical, Cognitive |
Example of a direct reference group | Family |
What is an example of an in-direct reference group | Athletes, actors, people who you don't come in contact with |
What is situational influence? | Influence of going to a Tigers game in Detroit vs. the Royals. You wanna root for the Tigers because of the situation you're in. |
What are the five steps in the consumer decision making progress? | Recognition, information search, Evaluation of alternatives, Purchase, past purchase |
(Essay) Why could virtual consumption be a challenge? | Fan's don't want to come out to NFl games because they're concerned more with their fantasy teams |
What is precedent? | A legal case establishing a principle or rule that a court may need to adopt when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts. |
(T/F) Judges must follow precedent? | FALSE |
What types of organizations does the U.S. constitution cover? | Public schools, organizations |
(T/F) Statutes, laws, regulations, or policies may not conflict with the U.S. Constitution? | TRUE |
Two biggest pieces of legislation to impact sports | Title IV, ADA (Disabilities Act) |
Example where an individual act in sport signified a broader social concern | Mike Vick- Animal Abuse
Lance Armstrong- Doping |
Example where sport served as a vehicle for social transformation | Jackie Robinson |
What is the difference between heterosexism and homophobia? | Heterosexism- better to be your gender, dominate gender
Homophobia- Irrational fear of homosexuality, anti-gay stance |
(T/F) More women are in leadership positions in sport since Title IX was passed | FALSE |
Who was the first athlete in the "Big Four" to come out as a gay professional athlete | Jason Collins |
How have researchers given into racism in sport? | Studied to see if there was a correlation between genetics and athletic performance |
When do you not have to accommodate under ADA? | If you're imposing a risk to able fans
If you were built at a certain time |
Title IX is apart of a larger bill relating to what? | Education |
What are the 3 aspects of the Three Prong test | 1. Proportionality: the proportionality of student-athletes must meet the proportionality of students on campus.
2. History and continuing practice: must show that there has been a continuous effort to expand to meet the interests and abilities of the un |
What 2 areas of law do state laws cover? | Contracts, Torts |
What's the difference between compensatory and punitive damages | Compensatory- monetary damage, medical bills
Punitive- Extra charge to make them pay for pain and suffering |
What is negligence | Failure to act as a reasonable person would |
4 Things the plaintiff must prove in a negligence case | Duty
Breech of Duty
Approximate Cause
Injury |
What is protected from defamation suits? | No truth is protected, you can't be saved for the truth |
What is the difference between assault and batter | Assault- Verbal threat
Battery- Physical harm |
What is an example of an exculpatory agreement? | Waiver or release, Liability for running a race |
What problems do National Letters of Intent as contracts pose? | Must be 18 to sign a contract |
What 3 things do sports sociologists study? | Social Patterns
Social Structure
Organization of people |