Question | Answer |
There is 1 to 1.5 million of these functional units in the kidney | Nephrons |
the part of the kindney in which there is a selective retention and excretion of various substances and in which the concentration of urine occurs is the | tubule |
In a popular test used to calculate the estimated GFR, what compound is measured in the blood | Creatinine |
Many glomerular disorders occur as a result of | Immunologic reactions |
Patients who have shock or acute nephritis have a decrease in urinary volume of less than 500 mL/24hr. This is called | Oliguria |
Which cast is characteristically associated with acute pyelonephritis(kidney infection) | White cell |
The type of urinary cast that is most characteristically associated with nephrotic syndrome is | Fatty |
ADH regulates the reabsorption of | Water |
What is a renal disorder that may be inherited? | Fanconi Syndrome |
The Renin-angiotensin-adosterone hormone helps control | Blood pressure |
PKU, Tyrosyluria and Maple Syrup Urine Disease are all caused by | Inherited deficiencies in enzymes used in metaboic pathways |
Presence of hyprochromic, irregularly-shaped (dysmorphoc) red blood cells in the urine sediment is indicative of | Glomurular Bleeding |
The purpose of an estimated gomerular filtration rate is | to detect chronic renal disease in its early stages |
Fanconi's Syndrome is a proximal tubular dysfunction that produes which urine findings | Aminoaciduria, Proteinuria, Phosphaturia and Glycosuria |
Renal tubular cells are a microscope finding of | Tubular injury |
A patient with normal blood glucose and a positive urine glucose should be checked for | Reanal Disease |
The renal threshold level(where the maximal tubular reabsorptive capacity is exceeded) for glucose is | 160-180 mg/dl |
Urine formation occurs as the plasma ultrafiltrate passes through the renal structures in which order | Nephron, calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder |
The proximal and distal convoluted tubules are connected by the | Loop of Henle |
Secretion of Aldosterone stimilates the kidneys to retain | Sodium |
The ultimate goal of the kidneys is to | Maintain normal plasma osmolality, eliminate unwanted solutes and water, manipulate water excretion to achieve fluid homeostasia |
When too much protein is presented to the renal tubules for reabsorption, it is excreted in the urine because | The maximal tublar reabsorptive capacity for protein has been exceeded |
The excretion of large volumes of urine (>3L/day) is called | Polyuria |
Aminoacidurias such as phenylketonuria and maple syrup urine disease were discovered in urine but are now tested | By state-mandated newborn health screens on blood |
Blood flows through the nephron in the following order | Renal artery, afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole |
In end stage renal disease | there is marked decrease in the glomerular filtration rate and thus an increase in serum BUN(Blood Urea Nitrogen) and Creatinine levels |