Term | Definition |
1.Progressivism | movement in response to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms |
2.Muckraker | writer who exposes misconduct in business or politics |
3.Social Gospel | reform movement in the late nineteenth century that sought to improve society by applying Christian principles |
4.Settlement House | community center organized at the turn of 20th century to provide social services to urban poor |
5.Direct Primary | election where citizens themselves vote to select nominees for upcoming elections |
6.Initiative | process where citizens put a proposed new law directly on the ballot |
7.Referendum | process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by a legislature |
8.Recall | process where voters can remove elected officials from office before their terms end |
9.NCL | organized group in 1899 to investigate conditions where goods were made and sold and to promote safe working conditions and a minimum wage |
10.Temperance Movement | movement aimed at stopping alcohol abuse and the problems that it created |
11.Suffrage | the right to vote |
12.NAWSA | group founded in 1890 that worked on state and national levels to earn women the right to vote |
13.Nineteenth Amendment | amendment that gave women the right to vote |
14.Americanization | belief that assimilating immigrants into American Society would make them more loyal citizens |
15.Niagara Movement | group of African American thinkers that pushed for immediate racial reforms ,mostly in education and voting practices founded in 1905 |
16.NAACP | interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and civil rihts for African Americans |
17.Urban League | network of churches and clubs that set up employment agencies and relief efforts to help African Americans get settled and find work in the cities |
18.Anti-Defamation League | organization formed in 1913 to defend Jews against physical and verbal attacks and false statements |
19.Mutualists | organized groups of Mexican Americans that make loans and provide legal assistance to other members of their community |
20.Square Deal | President Roosevelt's program of reforms to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of the poor and small business owners |
21.Hepburn Act | 1906 law that gave government the authority to set railroad rates and maximum prices for ferries, bridge tolls, and oil pipelines |
22.Meat Inspection Act | 1906 law that allowed federal government to inspect meat sold across state lines and required federal inspection of meat processing plants |
23.Pure Food and Drug Act | 1906 law that allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned the interstate shipment and sale of impure food and the mislabeling of food and drugs |
24.National Reclamation Act | 1902 law that gave power to federal government to decide where and how water would be distributed through the building and managing of dams and irrigation projects |
25.New Nationalism | President Roosevelt's plan to restore the governments trustbusting power |
26.Progressive Party | political party that emerged from the Taft-Roosevelt battle that split the Republican Party in 1912 |
27.New Freedom | Woodrow Wilson's program to place government controls on corporations to benefit small businesses |
28.Sixteenth Amendment | 1913 amendment that gave Congress the authority to levy an income tax |
29.Federal Reserve Act | 1913 law that placed national banks under the control of a Federal Reserve Board, which runs regional banks that hold the reserve funds from commercial banks, sets interest rates, and supervises commercial banks |
30.Federal Trade Commission | government agency established in 1914 to identify monopolistic business practices, false advertising , and dishonest labeling |
31.Clayton Antitrust Act | 1914 law that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act |