| Question | Answer |
| Is yeast an endogenous or exogenous infection? | Endogenous, opportunist |
| Candida spp. can cause | Vulvo-vaginitis, thrush, pulmonary infections, eye infections, meningitis, endocaridtis, disseminated infections |
| Thrush is a sign of _____ and is caused by_____. | Immunosuppression,Candida spp |
| The most common cause of yeast infections is? | Candida albicans |
| Candida albicans macro | Creamy |
| Candida albicans micro | Clusters of blastoconidia along pseudohyphae, terminal chlamydoconidia |
| Candida albicans germ tube test result | Positive |
| Candida albicans is sucrose | Positive |
| Candida stellatoidea is sucrose | Negative |
| The second most common Candida spp. is? | Candida tropicalis |
| Candida tropicalis can cause | Vaginitis, intestinal disease, systemic infections, meningitis |
| Candida tropicalis infections are | aggressive and difficult to treat with traditional antifungals |
| Candida tropicalis macro | Creamy, glabrous with mycelial fringe |
| Candida tropicalis micro | Blastoconidia are single or small random clusters along pseudohyphae |
| Candia parapsilosis is a major cause of what? | Nosocomial infections, related to indwelling catheters |
| Candida parapsilosis micro | Creamy, glabrous |
| Candida parapsilosis macro | Relatively short, crooked or curved pseudohyphae |
| Candida kreusi can cause what? | Rarely isolated as a cause of endocarditis and vaginitis. |
| Candida kreusi micro | Creamy, flat colonies |
| Candida kreusi macro | Pseudohyphae and elongated blastoconidia, branch like trees |
| Candida kefyr can cause what? | Endocarditis and UTI, one of the 4 most frequently isolated |
| Candida kefyr micro | Creamy, smooth |
| Candida kefyr macro | "logs in a stream" or "log jam" |
| Candida guilliermondii can cause what? | UTI and endocarditis |
| Candida guilliermondii macro | Creamy, flat, glossy |
| Candida guilliermondii micro | Short pseudohyphae with groups of blastoconidia at constrictions |
| Torulopsis glabrata is also called | Candida glabrata |
| Torulopsis glabrata is most frequently found as | Fungemia, can also cause endocarditis, meningitis, UTI |
| Torulopsis glabrata macro | Creamy, smooth, moist |
| Torulopsis glabrata micro | Blastoconidia only (on CMT), no pseudohyphae |
| The "working yeast" is? | Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae is increasingly being isolated from? | Immunocompromised |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae macro | Creamy, smooth, moist |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae micro | Yeast cells and pseudohyphae |
| Cryptococcus spp. is the causative agent of? | Meningitis and pulmonary disease |
| Cryptococcus neoformans is found where? | Soil contaminated with pigeon droppings |
| Cryptococcus neoformans is a major cause of what? | Opportunistic infections in AIDS patients, also meningitis-predilection for CNS |
| What do all species of Cryptococcus spp. have? And what is used to detect this? | Capsule, India Ink (negative stain) |
| What does Cryptococcus spp. look like on cornmeal agar? | Doesn't produce true or pseudohyphae, blastoconidia only |
| What are the urease and nitrate results of Cryptococcus spp? | Ureast positive in all, nitrate variable |
| What has a dark colony color on caffeic acid agar or bird seed agar? | C. neoformans, melanin production |
| Rhodotorula spp is closely related to what? | Cryptococcus, has a capsule |
| Rhodotorula spp urease and nitrate results | Urease positive, some are nitrate positive |
| Rhodotorula spp. macro | Bright, salmon colored colonies |
| Geotrichum candidum is normal flora where? | Intestinal tract |
| Geotrichum candidum macro | White, moist, yeastlike |
| Geotrichum candidim micro | True hyphae, segments into arthroconidia, no blastoconidia |
| Trichosporon beigelii causes what? | White piedra, emerging agent of disseminated infection mainly in cancer patients. |
| Trichosporon is resistant to what? | Amphotericin B |
| Trichosporon beigelii micro | Produces arthroconidia and blastoconidia on cornmeal agar |
| Malassezia furfur causes what? | Tinea versicolor and catheter related infections in patients on long term IV lipids. |
| Malassezia furfur macro | Cream, brown, wrinkled |
| Malassezia furfur micro | Yeastlike cells with collarettes |
| Sporobolomyces spp. is mostly recovered from where? | Environmental samples |
| Sporobolomyces spp. macro | Salmon colored smooth colonies |
| Sporobolomyces spp. micro | Oval, elongate yeast cells, projectile spores |
| Pneumocystis jiroveci is the new name for what? | Pneumocystis carinii |
| What is undecided about Pneumocystis jiroveci? | Group, is it a yeast, protozoa, fungus |
| Pneumocystis jiroveci causes what kinds of infections? | Opportunistic in AIDS patients, no cellular immunity |
| What does Pneumocystis pneumonia do? | Destroys alveolar cells |
| How can you diagnose Pneumocystis jiroveci in the lab? | Demonstrate organism in tissue, lavage, or sputum |
| Can Pneumocystis jiroveci be cultured? | Only in animals |
| What is a commonly used stain for Pneumocystis jiroveci? | GMS, looks like a "deflated ball" |
