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a&p II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In the Spiral organ of corti, the upper chamber is known as? | Scala Vestibuli |
| To which " layer" of the eye does the iris belong? | Vascular Layer |
| From what compound are all steroid hormones made? | Cholesterol |
| Which hormone generally increase metabolic rate? | Thyroid Hormones |
| Which type of hormones directly enter the cells nucleus where they combined with their receptors and bind with the DNA to turn the genes on or off ? | Steroid |
| These specialized fatty acids cause pain associated with ovulation ? | Prostaglandins |
| Produced by platelets, these fatty acids aid in blood clotting? | Thromboxane |
| Give the major functions for oxytocin | Uterine contractions and release of milk from mammary glands |
| Natural opium-like pain killer made by your body? | Beta Endorphin and Enkephalin |
| The outer clear layer of the eye is known as the ? | Cornea |
| A dark brown/ black layer surrounding most of the eye which prevents, light scatter within? | Choroid |
| Which of three layers of the retina is the closet to the light source (lines the inside of the vitreous chambers) | Ganglion Cells |
| The hole through the iris through which light must pass? | Pupil |
| The muscle which contracts or closes the pupil ? | Sphincter Pupillae |
| The large chamber in the back of the eye filled by a gelatinous material? | Posterior segment Or Vitreous Chambers |
| During close-in focusing, do the zonule fibers contract or loosen? | Loosen |
| To which layer of the eye does the cillary muscle belong ? | Vascular Layer |
| Another name for the suspensory ligament is? | Ciliary Zonule |
| which of the photoreceptor cells are most numerous in the macula lutea | Cones |
| The cord-like structures that hold the lens in place are known as ? | Ciliary Zonule or Suspensory ligament |
| Where is Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gnash) produced? | Hypothalamus |
| Which type of diabetes melitius is associated with ketoacidosis ? | Type 1 |
| Which hormone reduces plasma calcium levels? | Calcitonin |
| a term that indicates a function similar to endocrine except they have their effects on the very same cell? | Autocrine |
| Other than mast cells, what cells produce leukotrienes | Leukocytes |
| These specialized fatty acids cause uterine coontraction? These specialized fatty acids cause pain associated with the menstrual cycle? & Endometriosis ? | Prostaglandins |
| Produced by leukocytes and mast cells, these fatty acids regulate the immune system and the inflammatory process? | Leukotriene |
| Which enzymes is inhibited by the NsAids? | Cyclooxygenase |
| Which hormone causes the release of prolactin ? | PRH- Prolactin releasing hormones |
| Which compound deactivates G Proteins? | Guanosine Di phosphate |
| Which Thyroid disease is associated with heat intolerance ? | Hyperthyroidism |
| Deafness due to the blockage of the pathway that sounds travel known as? | Conduction Deafness |
| In the spiral organ of the corti, the floor of scala vestibuili or roof of cochlear duct is known as? | Vestibular |
| Do the pupils constrict or dilate in response to distant focusing ? | Dilate |
| A system of chemical reactions by which a hormone is able to transfer its influence first to a receptor, then to a series of intracellular proteins which will result in the desired effect of the hormones? | Second Messenger System |
| Which enzyme is activated by cyclic adenosine mono-phosphate (cAMP) | Protein Kinase A |
| Which hormone causes the release of adrencortictropic hormones? | (CRH) Corticotropin Releasing Hormone |
| Which hormone causes the production of erythrocytes ? | Erythroprotein |
| Elevated plasma glucose levels sis known as? | Hyperglycemia |
| A group of long fatty acids that are physiologically active and behave as hormones ? | Eicosanoids |
| absence or lack | a- |
| departing from; away from | ab- |
| -able to , capable of | -able |
| referring to | -ac |
| extreme or extremity; peak | ac- |
| hearing | acou- |
| extreme or extremity ; peak | acro- |
| to or toward adorbital, toward the orbit | ad- |
| gland | aden- |
| gland | adeno- |
| toward the kidney | adren |
| air | aero- |
| toward | af- |
| contest or oppose each other | agon- |
| axis, axle | aid- |
| white | alb- |
| pain in a certain part | -algia |
| nourish | aliment- |
| of one another | allel- |
| on both sides; of both kinds | amphi- |
| absence or lack | an- |
| apart, up, again | ana- |
| come together | anastomos- |
| another name for corticotropin? | ACTH - ADRENOCORTICOTRPOIC |
| a pathological increase in thyroid hormone is known as? | Hyperthyroidism |
| a general term for male hormone? | Androgen |
| what is the major function of thyroid hormone? | Generally increases the metabolic rate |
| what is the major function of prolactin ? | Causes the mammary glands to produce milk |
| which types of Diabetes mellitus is more common? | Type II |
| a term that indicates a function similar to endocrine except they have their effects nearby... just a few cells away | Paracrine |
| these specialized fatty acids cause pain associated with headaches ? | Prostaglandins |
| the " first messenger" in the transmission of a human effect deep into the cells | Hormones |
| hyper-tonic blood has what effect on blood pressure? | Increased |
| compounds secreted in one location and having their effects at relatively far off locations | Hormones |
| specifically which cells and gland produce calcitonin | Para follicular Cells of Thyroid Gland |
| where is prolactin inhibition hormone (pih) produced? | Hypothalamus |
| the most common cause of end stage renal failure in the western world is due to which disease? | Diabetes Mellitus |
| where in the brain is beta enkephalin? | Anterior Pituitary Gland |
| a molecule on the intracellular side of a receptor that transmits the hormones chemical effect deep into the cells | Second Messenger |
| which hormone causes various cells to release insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I)? | Growth Hormone (GH) |
| which type of diabetes is " insulin Independent"? | Type II |
| which hormone causes the deposition (building) of the bone? | Calcitionin |
| what is the major effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone ? | Activates Osteclastic Resorption Of Bone |
| an example of an enzymes that phosphorylates another enzyme is ? | Protein Kinase A |
| how does insulin effect the plasma glucose levels? | Reduces It |
| a hormone that causes the pancreas to release bicarbonate ions into the duodenum ? | Secretin |
| decreasing the number of receptors in the cell membrane is known as? | Down-Regulation |
| hyper-tonic blood has what effect on the tissue? | Dehydration |
| in order for a hormone to have its effect, it must have a "_________" in the target cells | Receptor |
| what is the major function of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)? | Release of Corticotropin |
| hormones generally belong to which two major classification of organic compounds? | Lipids and Protein |
| in which structures of the pancreas are the beta cells form ? | Islets of Langerhans |
| What happens to the photoreceptors cell membranes once the cation channels close? | Hyper polarization |
| What organ release glucose in response to glucagon? | Liver |
| What is another name for " adult onset" diabetes? | Type II |
| What is the major effect of calcitonin on bone? | Activates osteoblastic deposition of bone |
| Another name for t4 is? | Thyroxin |
| A clinical condition resulting from deficient production thyroid hormone ? | Hypothyroidism |
| For close in focusing, do the eyes converge medially or are they directed straight ahead? | Converge medially |
| Name the two structures that make up fibrous layer of the eye? | Sclera & Cornea |
| The process by which light breaks down rhodopsin ? | Bleaching |
| Which compound is broken down by light in the photoreceptors ? | Rhodopsin |
| The common name for hyperthyroidism ? | Graves D |
| Hyperglycemia causes the blood to become "hypertonic" or" hypotonic" ? | Hypertonic |
| A disease marked by the autoimmune destruction of the insulin receptor throughout the body? | Type II diabetes mellitus |
| The part of the eye which gives the eyes their extremely seen color? | Iris |
| The small finger-like protrusion from the ciliary body? | Ciliary Processes |
| To which "layer" of the eye do the rods belong? | Inner |
| Equilibrium receptors in the ampulla of the semicircular duets composed of groups of hair cells are known as? | Crista Ampullaris |
| What is the major function of leptin? | Inhibits Appetite |
| Where is parathyroid hormone (PTH) produced? | Parathyroid Gland |
| What is age-relegated name for type II diabetes? | Adult Onset |
| From what molecule are all steroid hormones derived? | Cholesterol |
| What is the process in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrates such as proteins (amino acids) and fats? | Gluconegenesis |
| Which hormone inhibits the release of growth hormone? | Somatostatin |
| Which hormone from the adrenal cortex causes the release of fatty acids into the blood? | Cortisol |
| A group of physiologically active , ringed fatty acids? | Eicosanoid |
| A protein activated by guanosine triphosphate binding? | G Protein |
| Where is corticosteroid releasing hormone (CRH) produced? | Hypothalamus |
| The point where the image is the most focused? | Fovea Centralis |
| What compound destroys cyclic guanosine mono phosphate ? | Phosphodiesterase |
| How does rhodopsin effect the eyes? | Makes them more sensitive to light |
| An inflammation of the tympanic cavity or middle ear is known as? | Otitis Media |
| Which of the autonomic nervous systems stimulates the dilator pupillae? | Sympathetic |
| The muscle which opens or widens the pupils ? | Dilator pupillae |
| The ciliary process and muscles make up what structure? | Ciliary Body |
| Durning distant focusing, do the zonule fibers tighten or loosen? | Tighten |
| Where is the primary visual center of the brain located? | Occipital Lobe |
| A condition caused when the ossicles fuse together or to the oval window is known as? | Otosclerosis |
| A term that indicates a gland that produces hormones? | Endocrine |
| Which compound activates G proteins ? | Guanosine Triphosphate |
| What are the major functions for ADH/AVP? | Water Retention & Vasoconstriction |
| a disease marked by a deficiency in functioning anti-diuretic hormones receptors? | Nefrogenic Diabetes Inspidus |
| Which thyroid disease is associated with the production of antibody which stimulate the thyroid stimulating hormone receptors? | Hyperthyroidism |
| How do hypercortisolism effect adipose tissue? | Increases |
| What effect does the down-regulation of its receptors have on the sensitivity that cell demonstrates towards a specific hormone. | Decreases |
| Which type of diabetes is "insulin dependent"? | Type I |
| Another name for thyroxin ? | T4 |
| Which enzyme is responsible for the production of Ip3? | Phospholipase C |
| What is the major product of the pineal gland during the day? | Serotonin |
| The number one cause of neuropathy in the western world is due to which disease? | Diabetes Mellitus |
| these specialized fatty acids are involved in blood clotting? | Prostaglandins |
| where is thyrotropin releasing hormone produced? | Hypothalamus |
| what effect does the up-regulation of its receptors have on the sensitivity that a cell demonstrates towards a specific hormone? | Increases |
| where is oxytocin (ot) produced? | Hypothalamus |
| which structure of the brain leads to the pineal body/glands? | Suprachiasmatic nucleus |
| what type of frequency travels the least distance in the cochlea? | High Frequency |
| stone like structures which float in gel and settle due to gravity to stimulates hair cells? | Otoliths |
| the area where the optic nerve exits the eye is known as ? | Optic disc or Blind spot |
| in the spiral organ of corti, the chamber is known as? | Cochlear Duct or Scala Media |
| Receptors such as touch pressure and stretch , are known as? | Mechanoreceptors |
| in the photo receptors this compounds binds to and locks open special cation channels ? | Cyclic Quanosine Mono phosphate or cGMP |
| a function which detects body positions while stationary is known as? | Static Equilibrium |
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chickie1200
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