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A & P I
Study Guide for Chem and Cell Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What determines atomic weight? | (1) The mass of a single atom (2) It is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus (p+n) |
| What is an electron? | small negatively charged subatomic particle |
| When atoms combine, they gain, lose or share what? | electrons |
| What is an isotope? | atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic weights |
| Which type of bond is the weakest? | hydrogen bond |
| What is an acid? | any substance that releases a hydrogen ion (H+) when in solution; "proton donor" |
| What percentage of body weight is water? | almost 70% (per her PP) |
| What are the 8 amino acids called that must be included in your diet? | essential amino acides; isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, trypotophan, valine |
| What are fats made up of? | glycerol and fatty acids |
| What is the lipid that is found in the cell membrane called? | phosopholipids |
| What is DNA? | deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic material of the cell that carries the chemical "blue print" of the body |
| What is an ionic bond? | a chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another |
| How many amino acids are there? | 20 |
| The elements carbon, hydrogen,nitrogen and oxygen make up what percentage of the human body? | 96% |
| What is the basis unit of structure and function in the human body? | cell |
| What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus? | Synthesizes carbohydrates, combines it with protein, and packages the product as globules of glycoprotein |
| WHAT IS THE FUNTION OF THE MITOCHONDRIA? | Catabolism; ATP synthesis; a cell’s “power plants” |
| What allows sperm to move? | flagella |
| Skin cells are held together by what? | desomsome; like small spot welds that hold adjacent cells together |
| Where is DNA found in the cell? | nucleus |
| What is a lysosome? | vesicles that have pinched off from the Golgi Apparatus |
| When DNA appears as thread like material what is it called? | chromatin |
| In the human body what is the largest cell? | human egg or ovum |
| What is hypertonic solution? | the concentration of solute molecules inside the cell is lower than the concentration outside the cell so water moves out; causing the cell to shrivel |
| What is isotonic solution? | concentration of solute is the same inside the cell as outside the cell; water will diffuse in and out of a cell at an equal rate |
| What is hypotonic solution? | concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is lower than the concentration inside the cell so water moves in; the cell will rupture |
| What is phagocytosis? | the taking in of large molecules such as bacteria and viruses |
| What is the correct order of the phases of mitosis? | (1) Prophase (2) Metaphase (3) Anaphase (4) Telophase |
| What does it mean to be haploid compared to diploid? | Haploid is a single set of chromosomes and diploid is two sets of chromosomes |
| function of plasma membrane | serves as the boundary of the cell, maintains its integrity; protein molecules embedded in plasma membrane perform various functions; for example, they serve as markers that identify cells of each individual, as receptor molecules for certain hormones & o |
| function of endoplasmic reticulum | Ribosomes attached to rough ER synthesize proteins that leaves cells via Golgi complex; smooth ER synthesizes lipids incorporated in cell membranes, steroid hormones, and certain carbohydrates used to form glycoproteins |
| function of nucleoli | Plays an essential role in the formation of ribosomes |
| function of nucleus | Houses the genetic code, which in turns dictates protein synthesis, thereby playing an essential role in other cell activities, namely, cell transport, metabolism, and growth |
| function of ribosomes | site of protein synthesis; a cell's "protein factor" |
| function of lysosomes | a cell's digestive factor |
| mRNA | messenger RNA; a single uncoiled strand of RNA that transmits information from DNA for use during protein synthesis |
| rRNA | ribosomal RNA; rna in a globular shape, is the major constitutent of the ribosomes |
| tRNA | transfer RNA; a single strand of RNA folded back on itself in a hair pin fashion allowing some complementary bases to pair up |
| transcription | takes place in the nucleus |
| translation | the process of assembling protein molecules from information encoded in mRNA |
| translocation | RNA produced from DNA in this process |
| diffusion | is the movement of molecules from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration |
| osmosis | is the moving of water across a membrane from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration |
Created by:
malrey3
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