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Gen. Med
Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| SAMPLE means | S-signs and symptoms, A- allergies, M- medications, P- pertinent past medical history, L- last oral intake, E- events leading up to this condition |
| Signs are | what you see or feel |
| Symptoms are | what the individual tells you |
| OPQRST stands for what | O-onset, P- provocation, Q- quality, R- region, radiation, relief, recurrence, S- severity, T- timing |
| Vital signs are | Pulse, respirations, blood pressure, skin assessment, temperature, capillary refill, pulse oximetry. |
| Cardiovascular Red Flags | Chest pain during exertion, fatigue or shortness, dizziness, difficulty breathing while laying down. |
| Dextrocardia is what | heart located on right side of the chest instead of the left. |
| Marfan's syndrome is what | enlarged heart. |
| Pulmonary Red Flags | abnormal coughing, abnormal shortness of breath at rest, abnormal breath sounds, asthma. |
| Musculoskeletal Red Flags | chronic joint or spinal instability, unhealed fracture/ligament/muscular injury, muscle weakness. |
| Neurological Red Flags | cervical spine instability, history of seizures, history of head injury, history of burners. |
| Ocular Red Flags | vision in only one eye, severe myopia (nearsightedness), retinal detachment or tear. |
| Dental Red Flags | bleeding gums, lesions in the mouth, loose or displaced teeth, loose caps. |
| Gastrointestinal Red Flags | organomegaly, history of hepatitis or infectious mononucleosis. |
| Genitourinary Red Flags | one kidney or kidney disease, hernia, pain with urination. |
| Dermatological Red Flags | herpes, dermatities, warts, fungal infection. |
| Heat Related Red Flags | cardiac disease, uncontrolled diabetes, hyperextension, excessive heat cramps. |
| Disqualifying Conditions for Sport Participation | Atlantoaxial instability (C1&C2), bleeding disorders, cardiovasular disease, cerebral palsy, diabetes mellitus, diarrhea, eating disorder. |
| What are imaging modalities | x-ray, bone scan, CT scan, MRI, ultrasound |
| What are hot spots? | areas of inflammation or injury to a bone will appear dark on a bone scan. |
| On a X-ray lungs appear darker why? | because air does not absorb radiation. |
| Fluroscopy is what? | is a type of radiography that can be performed when the clinician wants to see a "live" image to determine the size, shape, and movement of tissue. |
| Myleogram is what? | looking at nerves. |
| Aspirin comes from where? | tree bark. |
| KNAPP vs. North Western | kid with cardiac condition had heart transplant team physician would not let him play. |
| What are different kinds of medicines can you take orally? | capsules, powders, gel, ecotrin. |
| What happens to pills in your body? | they are ingested, absorbed, processed, and eliminated. |
| Liver is the main organ for what? | metabolizing drugs. |
| What is the fastest way to feel drugs affects? | IV |
| What would make the body absorb a pills affects slowly? | the more layers there are the slower the body absorbs the effects. |
| Normal systolic | above hundred |
| Normal diastolic | below hundred |
| First company of aspirin is what? | BAYER |
| Pure food and drug act was when? | 1906 |
| Pure food and drug act is | can't misbrand anything intentionally. |
| Food drug and cosmetic act was when? | 1938 |
| The food drug and cosmetic act lead to what being established? | FDA |
| The 1950s you were able to distinguish between what? | non prescription drugs and prescription drugs. |
| FDA was established in what year? | 1938 |
| When was the Controlled Substance Act? | 1970 |
| What produced drug schedules? | the Controlled Substance Act |
| Drug Schedule 1 has | the highest potential of abuse. |
| Examples of drug schedule 1 are | heroin and LSD |
| What drug schedule has no known medical uses? | 1 |
| Drug schedule 2 has | a high potential of abuse |
| What drug schedule has some medical usage? | 2 |
| What drugs have a high level of addiction? | oxycotin and percocete |
| What drugs have the highest pain management? | oxycotin and percocete |
| What drug schedule has a lower potential of abuse? | 3 |
| What is an example of drug schedule 2? | oxcotin and percocete |
| What is an example of drug schedule 3? | vikodin |
| What drug schedule has a low chance of abuse? | 4 |
| What are examples of drug schedule 4? | zanex, darveset, and valium. |
| What drug schedule has the lowest chance of abuse but is still restricted? | 5 |
| What is an example of drug schedule 5? | cough meds. |
| FDA determines what? | how the drugs classified. |
| A PA can not give what drug schedule prescriptions in NC? | 1 and 2. |
| When do generics come to market? | 17 years after the patent wore off. |
| There are how many over the counter medicines available today? | 3,000 |
| Generics vs. name brand? | Generic drugs may not have the same filter as a name brand drug. |
| Does generic and name brand drugs have the same therapeutic equivalent? | Yes |
| You can't have medicines in what? | a glass case |
| Medicines have to be in what? | a closed and locked case |
| Is temp. important when storing drugs? | yes |
| What year was the American Pharmaceutical Association developed? | late 1800s |
| All drugs have how many names? | 3 |
| What names do drugs how? | a chemical, generic, and trade name |
| How many steps are there for the drug approval process? | 4 |
| Step 1 of the drug approval process is? | lab and animal testing |
| Step 2 of drug approval process is? | company files for Investigational New Drug with the FDA |
| Step 3 of drug approval process is? | initiate clinical studies |
| Phase 1 of step 3 is what? (1 year) | using human subjects they evaluate metabolism and adverse effects |
| Phase 2 of step 3 is what? (2 years) | using human subjects they determine therapeutic effects and dose |
| Phase 3 of step 3 is what? (3 years) | using human subjects they determine safety and efficacy |
| Step 4 of the drug approval process is? | FDA review |
| Pharmacodynamics is what? | how a drug effects the body |
| Efficacy is what? | whether the drug works or not |
| The lowest dose capable of producing a perceivable response is called what? | the threshold |
| Therapeutic index is what? | range in which desired effects are produced |
| What is pharmacokinetics? | what the body does to or with the drug |
| Three modes of transportation that drugs use to cross the cell membranes? | filtration, diffusion, active transport |
Created by:
danreid
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