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Circulatory
Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Veins | carry blood back to the heart |
| Capillaries | smallest blood vessels;materials are exchanged between blood and the body's cells |
| Arteries | take blood away from the heart |
| Blood Vessels | hollow tubes that transport blood through the body |
| Septum | a wall of tissue that separates the left and right sides of the heart |
| Heart | hollow, muscular organ in the center of the chest that pumps blood throughout the body |
| Blood | connective tissue that includes plasma, red and white blood cells and platelets |
| Atria | upper chambers of the heart that receive blood that comes into the heart |
| Ventricles | lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out of the heart |
| Pacemaker | a group of cells that adjusts the rate of the heartbeat |
| Aorta | the largest artery of the body |
| Plasma | made mostly of water and carries nutrients, chemical messengers and wastes in it |
| Red blood cells | pick up oxygen in the lungs and carry it to the cells in the body |
| Haemoglobin | iron-containing protein found in red blood cells that binds chemically to oxygen molecules |
| White blood cells | disease fighting cells |
| Platelets | also known as thrombocytes, small fragile cell fragments |
| RH factor | a marker in red blood cells that determines whether a person is Rh positive or Rh negative |
| Coronary Thrombosis | blood clot in the coronary artery |
| Varicose veins | Valves not working effectively, veins become dilated and blood builds up and veins become distended and knobbly. |
| Anaemia | reduction in blood's ability to carry oxygen lack of iron in the diet failure of bone marrow to produce normal level of cells and can be inherited |
| Leukaemia | cancer of the blood caused by the over-production of white blood cells |
| Septicaemia | blood poisoning |
| Haemophilia | blood's inability to clot |
| Arteriosclerosis | disease of the arteries, vessel walls lose elasticity and harden |
| Haemorrhoids | enlarged veins in the rectum or anus which may collapse or contain blood clots |
| Phlebitis | inflammation of the vein |
| HIV/AIDS | Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome - attacks T-Lymphocytes making immune system incapable of fighting disease. |
| Atherosclerosis | loss of elasticity and hardening of the vessel walls as well as a build up of fats including cholesterol inside the artery |
| Thrombus | blood clot in the heart of blood vessels |
| High Cholesterol | excessive build up of a fatty substance called cholesterol |
| High blood pressure | hypertension - blood pressure consistently higher or above the normal level |
| Low blood pressure | hypotension - blood pressure consistently lower or below the normal level |
| Hepatitis A B C | inflammation of the liver - A spread by fecally contaminated food, B & C transmitted through body fluids including blood.Contagious. |
| Coronary Thrombosis | blood clot in the coronary artery |
| Aneurysm | cardiovascular disease characterized by a sac-like widening of the artery resulting in the weakening of the artery wall |
| Stress | can cause the heart to beat faster, which can lead to high blood pressure, coronary thrombosis and heart attacks |
| What is systolic blood pressure? | when the heart is contracting pressure reaches its peak level |
| What is diastolic blood pressure? | when the heart is relaxing(dilating) pressure reaches its lower level |
| What does a sphygmomanometer measure? | blood pressure |
| What are the effects of high blood pressure? | angina, heart attack, strokes, kidney complaints. |
| What are the effects of low blood pressure? | dizziness, fainting |
| Where are the carotid arteries located? | Neck |
| Where is the jugular vein located? | Neck |
| Where is the saphenous vein located? | leg |
| Where is the dorsal deoxygenated vein located? | foot |
| Where is the brachial artery located? | arm |
| Where is the basilic artery located? | arm |
| Where is the cephalic artery located? | arm |
| What is the structure of an artery? | Thick walls and small lumen |
| What is the structure of a vein? | Thin walls and large lumen |
| What is portal circulation? | circulation between the digestive system and the liver |
| What is systemic circulation? | circulation of the blood from the heart to the body |
| What is pulmonary circulation? | circulation of the blood from the heart to the lungs |
| What is coronary circulation? | the hearts own circulatory system |
| What is another term for heartbeat? | Cardiac cycle |
| What are the membranes of the heart called? | Endocardium, Myocardium and Pericardium |
| Which layer of the hearts muscular wall is made of cardiac muscle? | Myocardium |
| What is the septum? | a muscular wall that seperates the right and left sides of the heart |
| What is atherosclerosis? | a build-up of fats, including cholesterol, inside the arteries |
| What is the function of a venule? | To carry de-oxygenated blood from the capillary to the vein |
| In which vessel does deoxygenated blood travel from the heart to the lungs? | Pulmonary artery |
| Describe anaemia | Anaemia is a reduction in the blood's ability to carry oxygen |
| Where would you find the dorsal venous arch? | In the foot |
| What is the function of thrombocytes? | To clot blood |
| Characteristics of arteries | Thick walls and small lumen |
| What type of blood does the right side of the heart carry? | Deoxygenated |
| What is the main vein in the arm? | Basilic |
| What is the function of venules? | To carry deoxygenated blood from the capillaries to the larger veins |
| Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the hear? | Superior vena cava |
| What method does oxygen enter the blood stream? | Diffusion |
Created by:
smyleekim
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