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HA&P Chapter 3&4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cyt- | cell |
| cytoplasm | fluid and organelle that occupy the space between the cell membrane and nuclear envelope |
| endo- | within |
| endoplasmic reticulum | complex of membranous structures within the cytoplasm |
| hyper- | above |
| hypertonic | solution that has a greater osmotic pressure than body fluids |
| hypo- | below |
| hypotonic | solution that has a lesser osmotic pressure than body fluids |
| inter- | between |
| interphase | stage that occurs between mitotic divisions of a cell |
| iso- | equal |
| isotonic | solution that has the same osmotic pressure as body fluids |
| mit- | thread |
| mitosis | process of cell division when thread-like chromosomes become visible within a cell |
| phag- | to eat |
| phagocytosis | process by which cell takes in solid particles |
| -som | body |
| ribosome | tiny, spherical structure that consists of protein and RNA |
| active transport | process that uses metabolic energy to move a substance across a cell membrane, usually against the concentration gradient |
| apoptosis | The death of cells that occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth or development. |
| cell membrane | selectively permeable outer boundary of a cell consisting of a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins; plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane |
| centrosome | cellular organelle consisting of two centrioles |
| chromosome | rod-like structure that condenses from chromatin in a cell's nucleus during mitosis |
| cytoplasm | contents of a cell, excluding the nucleus and cell membrane |
| cytoskeleton | A microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence. |
| differentiation | cell specialization due to differential gene expression |
| diffusion | random movement of molecules from a higher concentration toward one of lower concentration |
| endocytosis | process by which a cell membrane envelopes a substance and draws it into the cell in a vesicle |
| endoplasmic reticulum | organelle composed of a system of concentrated membranous tubules and vesicles along which protein is synthesized |
| equilibrium | state of balance between two opposing forces |
| exocytosis | transport of substances out of a cell in vesicles |
| facilitated diffusion | where carrier molecules transport substances across membranes from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower |
| filtration | movement of material across a membrane as a result of hydrostatic pressure |
| Golgi apparatus | an organelle that prepares cellular products for secretion |
| lysosome | organelle that contains digestive enzymes |
| mitochondrion | organelle that houses exzymes to catalyze reactions of aerobic respiration |
| nucleolus | small structure within a cell nucleus that contains rna and proteins |
| nucleus | cell organelle enclosed by double-layer, porous membrane and contains DNA, dense core of atom |
| organelle | part of a cell that performs a specialized function |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane in response to concentration gradient |
| pinocytosis | process by which a cell engulfs droplets from its surroundings |
| selectively permeable | membrane that allows some things through but not all. |
| vesicle | membranous cytoplasmic sac formed by infolding of cell membrane |
| an- | without |
| anaerobic respiration | respiratory process that proceeds without oxygen |
| ana- | up |
| anabolism | cellular processes that use smaller molecules to build larger ones |
| cata- | down |
| catabolism | cellular process that breaks larger molecules down into smaller ones |
| de- | undoing |
| deamination | process that removes the nitrogen-containing portions of amino acid molecules |
| mut- | change |
| mutation | change in genetic information of a cell |
| -zym | causing to ferment |
| enzyme | protein that initiates or speeds a chemical reaction without itself being consumed |
| aerobic respiration | the complete, energy releasing, breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water in the presence of oxygen |
| anticodon | three contiguous nucleotides of a transfer rna molecule that are complementary to a specific mrna codon |
| codon | set of three nucleotides of a messenger rna molecule corresponding to a particular amino acid |
| dehydration synthesis | anabolic process that joins small molecules by releasing the equivalent of a water molecule synthesis |
| gene | portion of dna that encodes info to synthesize a protein a control sequence or trna of rrna the unit of inheritance |
| hydrolysis | enzymatically adding water molecule to split a molecule into smaller portions |
| oxidation | process which oxygen combines with another chemical the removal of hydrogen or the loss of electrons, opposite of reduction |
| replication | reproduction of exact dna molecule |
| substrate | substance which an enzyme acts upon |
Created by:
caitlynnham
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