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cell therory
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Chapter 7 Notes
Stack #96183
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cells | basic unit of life |
| cell therory | fundamental concept of biology; it states.... 1. All living things are composed of cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things 3. New cells are produced from existing cells |
| Robert Hooke | published book that contained his drawings of sections of cork as seen through one of the first mircroscopes. |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | observes tiny living organisms in drops of pond water through his simple microscope |
| Matthias Schleiden | concludes that all plants are made up of cells |
| Theodor Schwann | concludes that all animals are made up of cells |
| Rudolph Virchow | proposes that all cells come form existing cells, completing the cell theory |
| Lynn Margulis | proposes tha idea that certain organelles were once free-living cells themselves |
| nucleus | large membrane-enclosed structure that contains the cells' genetic material (DNA); controls many of the cell's activities |
| Eukaryotes | -True -Membrane -Nucleus -Organelles |
| Prokaryotes | -Primitive -No membrane -No nucleus -No bound organelles -Examples: o Bacteria o Virus |
| organelles | tiny organs; found in cytoplasm |
| cytoplasm | cell fluid; gel substance contains tiny organs |
| nuclear envelope | surrounds nucleus; composed of 2 membranes; dotted with thousands of nuclear pores; |
| chromatin | can be seen in the nucleus; consistes of DNA bound to protein; most of the time is spread thought the nucleus; when cell divides, it condenses to form chromosomes |
| chromosomes | distinct, thread-like structures contain the genetic information that is passes from one generation of cells to the next |
| nucleolus | small, dense region inside nucleus; where the assemly of ribosomes begins |
| Ribosomes | small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm and on RER; produce proteins by following coded insrtuction that comes from the nucleus |
| endoplasmic reticulum | transfers protein in cells |
| Golgi apparatus | ACTS AS MAIL BOX FOR CELL;disocered by Italian scientist Camillo Golgi; modifies, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell |
| lysosomes | small organelles filled with enzymes; helps with digestion, or breakdown of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell |
| vacuoles | saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. |
| mitochondria | organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compunds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
| chloroplasts | organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis |
| cytoskeleton | a network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape; also involved in movement |
| centrioles | located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division; NOT FOUND IN PLANT CELLS! |
| cell membrane | thin, flexible barrier surrounding the cell; regulates what enters and leabes the cell and provides protection and support |
| cell wall | a strong supporting layer around the membrane; main function is to provide support and protection |
| lipid bi-layer | the composition of nearly all cell membranes is a double-layered sheet called... |
| concentration | the mass of solute in a giben volume of soultion, or mass/volume |
| diffusion | the process in which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
| equilibrium | when the concentration of the soulute is the same throughout a system, the system has reached..... |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| isotonic | when he concentrations of water and sugar will be the same on both sides of the membrane |
| hypertonic | "above strength"; NEED MORE |
| hypotonic | "below strength"; NEED MORE |
| facilitated diffusion | during THIS, molecules, such as glucose, that cannot diffuse across the cell membrane's lipid bi-layer on their own move through protein channels instead |
| active transport | ???? |
| endocytosis | the process of takin material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets, of the cell membrane |
| phagocytosis | when extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it within a food vacuole |
| pinocytosis | when cells take up liquid form the surround encironment; tiny pockets orm along the clee membrane, fill with loquid, and pinchoff to form vacuoles within the cell |
| exocytosis | when cells release large amounts of material from the cell; the membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membran, forcing the contents out of the cell |
| cell specialization | when cells throughout an organism can developin different ways to perform different tasks |
| tissue | group of similar cells that perform a particular function |
| organ | when may groups of tissues wrk together |
| organ system | group of organs that work together to perform a specific function |
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11ronsha
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