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Network Plus
Protocols & OSI
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Give some examples of routable protocols. | TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, AppleTalk, and DECnet |
| Name a protocol that is nonroutable. | NetBEUI and DLC |
| Explain a nonroutable protocol. | Does not have the capability to send packets across a router from one network to another network. |
| Explain a routable protocol. | The packets can leave the network by being passed through a router then delivered to a remote network. |
| What is a major advantage of TCP/IP? | It can connect heterogenous (dissimilar) enviroments together. |
| TCP/IP is the protocol on which the _______ is built. | Internet |
| TCP/IP is robust and commoly is associated with _________ and ________ systems. | UNIX and LINUX |
| What does TCP/IP stand for? | Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol |
| TCP/IP was orignally designed in what year? | 1970s |
| TCP/IP was orginally to do what? | Connect dissimilar systems across the country and used by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and Department of Defense (DOD). |
| What type of protocol is AppleTalk? | Routable |
| AppleTalk was implemented in how many phases? | Phase 1 - for small workgroups & supports nonextended neworks. Phase 2 for larger networks with more than 200 hosts and supports extended networks which a network segment is allowed multiple network numbers and zones (the most popular today). |
| Explain a nonextended network. | Each network segment can be assigned only a single network number and only one zone is allowed. |
| Explain a zone. | A logical grouping of nodes. |
| True or False. IPX is connection-oriented and reliable in transport? | False. IPX is connectionless and unreliable in transport. |
| What does connectionless mean? | No session is established between sender and receiver before transmitting data. |
| What does unreliable mean? | Packets are sent to a destination without requiring the destination to acknowledge receving those packets. |
| The SPX protocol is responsible for what? | Reliable delivery and is connection-oriented. |
| TCP/IP requires ________ to resolve a MAC address? | IP address. |
| What are the four major frame types? | 802.2, 802.3, ETHERNET_SNAP, AND ETHERNET_II. |
| IPX is responsible for what? | Routing packets |
| TCP/IP has 2 major drawbacks, what are they? | 1)Configuration-has a learning curve such as knowing IP addresses, subnetmask,and default gateways. 2)Security-has an open design an is unsecure when used without additional technologies such as SSL. |
| In the 1980s, what organization defined the OSI model? | International Organization for Standardization (ISO) |
| What does OSI stand for? | Open Systems Interconnect |
| Name the 7 layers of the OSI model. | From High to Low: Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data link, and Physical. |
| Network communication starts at what layer of the OSI model on the sending system? | Application Layer |
| What is the application layer responsible for? | On the sending system the application layer sends a request. On the receiving system the application layer is responsible for passing the request to the appropriate application or service on that system. |
| What is the presentation layer responsible for? | The application passes the request down to the presentation layer and the presentation layer formats the data so that the receiving system can interpret it. |
| What are some of the formating functions of the presentation layer? | Compression, encryption, ensuring the character code set can be interpreted on the other side. |
| What is the session layer responsible for? | It manages the dialogue between computer by establishing,managing, and terminating communications between 2 computers. |
| How many phases are in the session layer? | 3 |
| What is the first phase of the session layer? | It is the establishment phase. The requestor defines the service and rules; such as who transmits & when and how much data can be sent at a time. Both systems must agree on the rules. |
| What happens in the second phase of the session layer? | The transfer process begins. |
| What is the third phase of the session layer? | Termination in an orderly fashion. |
| What is the transport layer responsible for? | It handles functions such as reliable and unreliable delivery of data through the use of the protocol requested. |
| The transport layer breaks down data into smaller parts known as what? | Segments |
| If a retransmission is required at the transport layer what segments will be resent? | Only the missing segments |
| How are missing segments detected in the transport layer? | The receiving system will receive an acknowledgement (ACKs) from the remote system upon receiving the packets. |
| The transport layer is also responsible for segment ___________. | Sequencing |
| Explain segment sequencing. | It is connection-oriented service that takes segments that are received out of order and puts them in the right order. |
| TCP works at what layer of the OSI model? | Transport Layer with reliable delivery. |
| What does UDP stand for? | User Datagram Protocol |
| UDP works at what layer of the OSI model? | Transport Layer with unreliable delivery. |
| A service address is also known as what? | Port address or well-known addresses |
| What layer enables the option of specifying a port address? | Transport Layer |
| In TCP/IP service addresses are also called what? | Sockets or Ports |
| What must take place in connection-oriented communication? | Handshaking because it defines rules for communication such as transmission speed, what ports to use, and proper terminating of session. |
| What is the network layer reponsible for? | Managing logical addressing information in the packets and the delivery (routing) of those packets by using the routing table stored in the packets. |
| What is a routing table? | A list of available destinations that are stored in memory on the routers. |
| What is the purpose of a logical address? | Uniquely identifies a system on the network and the network that the system resides on. |
| The logical address is used by what layer protocols? | network-layer protocols |
| When the network layer uses TCP/IP what does it add to the packet? | Source address and the Destination address |
| What layer of the OSI model handles logical addressing and routing? | Layer 3 (Network) |
| An IP address is also known as what? | A layer-3 address |
| What is the data link layer responsible for? | For converting the data from a packet to a pattern of electrical bit signals that will send the data across the communication medium. |
| The data link layer is divided into 2 sublayers, what are they? | 1)Logical Link control (LLC) used for error correction and control functions. 2)Media Acccess Control (MAC) determines the physical addressing of the hosts and determines the access method. |
| MAC address is known as what layer address? | Layer-2 address |
| The sender in network layer appends the IP address information and the data link layer will append what address? | MAC address for the sending and receiving systems. |
| Ethernet and Token Ring are defined by what layer of the OSI model? | Layer 2`Data link layer |
| What is the physical layer responsible for? | Moving bits of data on and off the network medium by encoding and timing the bit transmission and reception. |
| At the data link layer data is converted into electrical signals then passed to the physical layer to do what? | Release data on the communication medium. |
| What is data encapsulation? | As data passes down the 7 layers of the OSI model, header information is added to the packets for each layer. |
| IPX runs at what layer of the OSI model? | Layer 3 & 4 but the network exam places it at LAYER 3 |
| SPX runs at what layer of the OSI model? | Layer 4 the Transport layer |
| IP runs at which layer of the OSI model? | Layer 3 the Network layer |
| TCP runs at which layer of the OSI model? | Layer 4 Transport layer |
| UDP is part of what protocol suite? | TCP/IP |
| UDP runs at which layer of the OSI model? | Layer 4 Transport layer |
| NFS is a protocol for what? | File sharing that enables a user to use network disks as though they were connected to local machine. Also allows the sharing of printers. |
| NFS was created by who? | Sun Microsystems for use on Solaris (Sun's version of UNIX) |
| NFS is part of what suite? | TCP/IP |
| What layer of the OSI model does NFS belong to? | Application layer |
| What protocols are implemented in redirectors? | Microsoft's Server Message Block(SMB) and Novell's NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) |
| What is a redirector? | It is a software that intercepts requests, formats them according to the protocol in use, and passes the message to a lower-level protocol for delivery or vice versa. |
| SMB and NCP are primarily used for what? | File and printer sharing in Microsoft and Novell. |
| SMB and NCP belong to what layer of the OSI model. | Application layer |
| What is SMTP? | Simple Mail Transport Protocol and it is used for sending internet e-mail messages. |
| What is FTP? | File Transport Protocol that is connection-oriented and used to transfer files between two machines. Required user name and password. |
| What is TFTP? | Trivial File Transfer Protocol and is used like FTP except it is NOT connection-oriented however faster than FTP. No authentication mechanism. |
| FTP runs on what layer of the OSI model? | Layer 7 Application layer |
| SMTP runs on what layer of the OSI model? | Layer 7 Application layer |
| Telnet runs on what layer of the OSI model? | Layer 7 Application layer |
| JPEG runs on what layer of the OSI model? | Layer 6 Presentation layer |
| GIF runs on what layer of the OSI model? | Layer 6 Presentation layer |
| MPEG runs on what layer of the OSI model? | Layer 6 Presentation layer |
| NFS runs on what layer of the OSI model? | Layer 5 Session layer |
| RPC runs on what layer of the OSI model? | Layer 5 Session layer |
| What does IEEE stand for? | Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| Ethernet (CSMA/CD) is defined by what standard? | IEEE 802.3 |
| The MAC sublayer uses what access method? | CSMA/CD |
| CSMA/CD doesn't stop collisions from happening instead it does what? | Helps manage the situations when they do occur. |
| 500 meters is approximately how many feet? | 1640 |
| 185 meters is approximately how many feet? | 607 |
| 100 meters is approximately how many feet? | 328 |
| 802.3u standard defines what? | Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps) |
| 802.3z standard defines what? | Gigabit Ethernet over fiber-optic cabling or coaxial cabling |
| 802.3ab standard defines what? | Gigabit Ethernet over twisted-pair cabling |
| 802.3ae standard defines what? | 10-Gigabit Ethernet |
| 802.11 standard defines what? | Wireless networking |
| Speeds of 54 Mbps at frequencies from 5.725 GHz to 5.850 GHz is what standard? | 802.11a and is NOT compatible with 802.11b |
| Speeds of 11 Mbps at frequencies from 2.400 GHz to 2.4835 GHz is what standard? | 802.11b components ARE compatible with 802.11g |
| Speeds of 54 Mbps at frequencies from 2.400 GHz to 2.4835 GHz is what standard? | 802.11g allows devices from 802.11a and 802.11b to coexist. |
| Speeds of over 100 Mbps at frequencies of either 5 GHz or 2.4 GHZ and backwards compatible with 802.11a/b/g is what standard? | 802.11n the goal is to increase bandwidth and range. |
| What does 802.1 define? | Internetworking |
| What does 802.2 define? | Logical Link Control |
| What does 802.4 define? | Token Bus |
| What does 802.6 define? | Metropolitan Area Network |
| What does 802.7 define? | Broadband technology |
| What does 802.8 define? | Fiber-optic technology |
| What does 802.9 define? | Voice and Data integration |
| What does 802.10 define? | Network security |
| What does 802.12 define? | Demand priority networking |
Created by:
linda.buck
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